Lecture 2

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

change in living things by descent with modification, change in form and behaviour or organisms between generations

Question 2

Biological change

Answer 2

developmental change within the life of an organism like againg, not technically evolution

Question 3

ecosystem composition change

Answer 3

made up of a number of species, there are different species in the same habitat than what were there 10 years ago, still not evolution

Question 4

True definition of evolution

Answer 4

a change between generations within a population of species

Question 5

Evolutionary modification

Answer 5

takes place in a series of populations that are descended from one another

Question 6

Properties of Evolutionary Modification

Answer 6

-Not predictable
-depend on the environment and genetic variants
-tree-like patterns
-variety created by splitting of lineages since the common ancestor

Question 7

Adaptations

Answer 7

Properties of living things that enable them to survive and reproduce in nature

Question 8

4 main stages of historic rise of evolution

Answer 8

1. evolution and non-evolutionary ideas before Darwin
2. Darwins theory (1859)
3. The eclipse of darwin (1880-1920)
4. The modern synthesis (1920s-1950s)

Question 9

Evolutionary and non-evolutionary ideas before Darwin

Answer 9

A century before Darwin, naturalist and philosophers were interested that one species might change into another but they didn’t really have any theories as to why or how

Question 10

Lamarck

Answer 10

Transformism, species persisted indefinitely, changing from one form to another no branching no extinction

Question 11

Darwinian evolution

Answer 11

tree-like lineages split, allowing for the extinction

Question 12

Cuvier

Answer 12

Proved Lamarck wrong said species went extinct but had separate origins and there was no changes

Question 13

Charles Darwin

Answer 13

Beagle voyages to the Galapagos Islands each island had its own distinct species of finches

Question 14

what was the link between species

Answer 14

Darwin looked for a mechanism: natural selection

Question 15

Natural Selection

Answer 15

forms that are better adapted to survive will leave more offspring and increase the frequency from one generation to the next

Question 16

Who came to a similar idea to darwin independently

Answer 16

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 17

Charles Lyell and Joseph Hooker

Answer 17

Arranged a simultaneous announcement of Darwin and Wallaces’s idea

Question 18

history of evolutionary biology

Answer 18

1859 publication of Charles Darwin’s the origin of species