Lecture 3 Flashcards
1
Q
A
- Ether
2
Q
A
- Amine
*** Ionizable (highly polar) if R is aromatic - Nitrogen is more electronegative than Hydrogen
- Nucleophilic**
3
Q
A
- Nitro
* Electronegative
4
Q
A
- Aldehyde
* Electrophilic
5
Q
A
- Nitrile
* Electronegative
6
Q
A
- Thiol
- Sulfhydryl
* Nucleophilic and polar - Sulfure is more electronegative than Hydrogen
7
Q
A
- Halogen
* Electronegative
8
Q
A
- Ester
- Hydrolyzable
- esters hydrolyze to form carboxylic acid and an alcohol
- it forms new products when it comes in contact with water
- Less stable in water
9
Q
A
- Carboxylic acid
* Highly polar - Oxygen is more electronegative than Hydrogen (-OH)
- Oxygen is more electronegative than Carbon (C=O)
10
Q
A
- Hydroxyl
- Alcohol
* Nucleophilic and polar - Oxygen is more electronegative than Hydrogen (-OH)
11
Q
A
- Ketone
* Electrophilic
12
Q
A
- Amide
* Hydrolyzable - Less stable in water
13
Q
What does it mean for a functional group to be nucleophilic?
A
- A functional group that is electron rich and can donate an electron pair to an electrophile during a chemical reaction
- Nucleophilic functional groups are attracted to positively charged or electron-deficient areas (electrophiles) in a molecule
14
Q
What does it mean for a functional group to be electrophilic?
A
- electron-deficient
- attracted to nucleophiles, especially during a chemical rxn
15
Q
What are two implications about polar groups?
A
- Increased solubility in polar solvents
- Influences reactivity in chemical rxns
16
Q
What does it mean for a functional group to be polar?
A
- unequal distribution of electron density, partially negative (δ-) and positive (δ+)
17
Q
What does it mean for a functional group to be electronegative?
A
- a strong tendency to attract electrons towards itself when it forms a chemical bond
