Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is a dose response, and how does it relate to this graph?
- How much of an agent is required to produce a response
How is the initiation and severity of a response to a chemical agent determined?
- The concentration of the chemical agent at the molecular target site(s).
- The concentration at the target site is directly related to the dose administered.
Using this graph, explain the relationship between dose and concentration at the target site
- A: The concentration and effects of a single dose remain consistently toxic over time.
- B: The concentration and effects of a single dose gradually decreases, almost reducing its effects over time.
- C: The concentration of a single dose drops over time , reducing its effects over time.
Using this graph, explain the relationship between dose and concentration at the target site
- A: Over time, the concentration of the repeated and its response are toxic over time.
- B: Over time, the concentration of the repeated doses and its response are becoming less toxic over time.
- C: Over time, the concentration of repeated doses and its response remain consistent, never reaching the toxic threshold.
What two characteristics can influence a dose?
- Route of exposure
- Duration of exposure
What are the three major routes of exposure?
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
- Dermal
Give an example of inhaltion exposure, and provide the units used to measure this exposure route.
- Wildfire smoke
- (mg/m³) or ppb
Give an example of ingestion exposure, and provide the units used to measure this exposure route.
- arsenic
- (mg/kg/day) or (m/L)
Give an example of dermal exposure, and provide the units used to measure this exposure route.
- asbestos
- (µg/cm²)
What are six less common routes of exposure?
- Intraperitoneal (abdomen)
- Intravenous (veins)
- Subcutaneous (under skin)
- Mucus membrane absorption (nose, gums)
- Rectal suppository (rectum)
- Urethra
NOEL
- No observed effect level
NOAEL
- No observed adverse effect level
ED
- Effective dose
LD
- Lethal Dose
MLD
- Minimum lethal dose
MTD
- Maximum tolerated dose
*
- An effective dose of 10 received a 10% response in the population
How do you calculate Margin of Safety, and what is MOS?
Using MOS, explain this graph
Calculate MOS and TI with this information:
* Aspirin:
- Toxic dose for 1%: Greater than 300 mcg/mL
- Toxic dose for 50%: Greater than 800 mcg/mL
- Effective dose for 99%: 150 mcg/mL
- Effective dose for 50%: 100 mcg/mL
- MOS: 2
- TI: 8
Define individual or graded dose response, and how does it relate to this graph?
- A graph showing how different doses have different levels of effect, ranging from the smallest detectable effect to the maximum possible effect, as a continuous curve representing this relationship.
What is a threshold dose, and how does it relate to this graph?
- The lowest dose that produces a detectable response
What is a linear no threshold model, and how does it relate to this graph?
