Lecture 3

Question 1

Energy is stored and captured into…

Answer 1

reduced bonds (C=O, C-C, C-H)

Question 2

what can △G be calculated from?

Answer 2

Thermodynamic laws

Question 3

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate releases

Answer 3

most of the △G in ATP

Question 4

What is an anabolic process?

Answer 4

‘builds up’ organic molecules e.g. sugars, amino acids, etc.

Question 5

What is a catabolic process?

Answer 5

Breaking down of molecules into CO2 and H20

Question 6

Different food sources release different amounts of energy when…

Answer 6

combusted (burnt)

Question 7

List these from the least to most amounts of energy released when combusted: protein, alcohol, carbohydrate, fat

Answer 7

Carbohydrate, protein, alcohol, fat

Question 8

List these from the least to most amounts of energy released when metabolised: protein, alcohol, carbohydrate, fat

Answer 8

Alcohol, fat, protein, carbohydrate

Question 9

Why is combustion different to metabolism? and then why use fat?

Answer 9

Enzymes work on CH and OH bonds. Molecules must be rearranged. Fat has slightly less energy per bond, but stores well, also fat can not be metabolised without O2.

Question 10

What are the three stages of catabolism?

Answer 10

1. hydrolysis of complex molecules to their building blocks (fats, proteins, polysaccharides)
2. Conversion of these into Acetyl CoA
3. Oxidation of acetyl CoA (oxidative phosphorylation produces ATP)

Question 11

What are the three parts of ATP?

Answer 11

Adenine, ribose and triphosphate

Question 12

Why does the third phosphate in ATP release the most energy when hydrolized?

Answer 12

Because the free electrons in the charged triphosphate are pushed towards the end due to the ribose and adenine group.

Question 13

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 13

energy can not be created or destroyed, it changes form

Question 14

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 14

The universe is becoming increasingly disordered.

Question 15

What do the symbols stand for in this equation: △H - T△S = △G

Answer 15

change in enthalpy - Temp (change in entropy) = Change in gibs free energy

Question 16

Does non-equilibrium mean the entropy will be lower or higher?

Answer 16

Lower

Question 17

What is ENTROPY a measure of?

Answer 17

A measure of disorder. e.g. 1 ATP to 2 ATP will be less ordered.

Question 18

Does equilibrium mean the entropy will be lower or higher?

Answer 18

Higher

Question 19

What is ENTHALPY a measure of?

Answer 19

Change in energy of reaction (work and heat)

Question 20

What does △G predict?

Answer 20

Whether a reaction occurs spontaneously. It predicts the max possible change in c between reactants and products, therefore showing how much you need for a reaction and how much it could make.

Question 21

The more negative △G is…

Answer 21

the more work can be done

Question 22

You need to keep the reactants as high as possible in order for a ____ reaction to occur

Answer 22

Exergonic (energy released)