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biosci101 - me > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

Bioenergetics

1
Q

What percentage of cell components are polymers?

A

~80%. The rest is monomers and other small molecules

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2
Q

What are the four types of polymers?

A

Lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids

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3
Q

What is the initial building block of lipids?

A

Acetate.

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4
Q

Lipids can grow to form…

A

hydrophobic fatty acid (Acyl) chains

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5
Q

Addition of phosphate to acyl chains makes them…

A

amphipathic

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6
Q

Acyl chains can be…

A

saturated or unsaturated

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7
Q

Hydrophobic means a molecule is

A

water soluble

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8
Q

What is the structure of a triglyceride?

A

3 acyl chains bonded to glycerol by ester linkages.

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9
Q

What is a saturated fat?

A

Lots of H’s. Fat is rigid.

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10
Q

What is an unsaturated fat?

A

A lack of H due to a double bond. Less rigid and takes up more space. Cis double bond causes bending.

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11
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

A

One fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate-linked group. They have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

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12
Q

How do phospholipids replicate?

A

No genetic info is required, just physical laws of stability of vesicle size. As they grow, they will gradually get too big and divide into two.

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13
Q

Sugars form from…

A

central pathways (trioses)

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14
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Single sugars and there are dif types.

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15
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Oligosaccharides form from several mixed sugar types (e.g. sucrose)

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16
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

They are formed from many repeated units connected by glyosidic bonds.

17
Q

Glucose + Glucose =

A

Maltose

18
Q

Glucose + Fructose =

A

Sucrose

19
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A polypeptide in animals used for storing energy, specifically in the liver and muscles. Extensive branching.

20
Q

What is starch?

A

A polypeptide in plants used for storing energy. Branches.

21
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A polypeptide in plants that is used for structure. Stored in cell walls. B bond makes it inflexible. Not branched.

22
Q

What is chitin?

A

Used for structure in plants, it is in exoskeletons of arthropods and fungi cell walls. B bond means it is rigid.

23
Q

In nucleic acids, bonds form through…

A

phosphodiester bonds

24
Q

What is deoxyribose?

A

In DNA. Lacks an O, makes it more stable

25
Q

What is a phosphodiester bonds?

A

A phosphate group, sugar (pentose) and a nitrogenous base.

26
Q

What is a ribose?

A

In RNA. Contains an extra O.

27
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

21

28
Q
A

biosci101 - me (2 decks)

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