Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are the 5 types of claims?
1.Predictions
2.Reccomdations
3.Hyptohesis
4.Value-Judgement
5.Definition
What are predictions?
Predictions are claims that may or may not happen in the future
What are hypotheses?
Hypotheses are propositions or suppositions that arise from a theory and can be tested through research.
What are value judgments?
Value judgments are claims that contain judgments on something’s quality or worth.
What are recommendations?
Recommendations are claims that state how something should or should not be done, or how it ought to be.
What are definitions and descriptions?
Definitions: Statements about the meaning of a word or term.
How do we assess claims?
When claims are made (e.g., in newspapers), we often assume they are true at face value.
We trust our sources of information but remain open to the possibility of falsehood.
However, discerning truth isn’t always straightforward.
In the absence of certainty, we aim to determine if a claim is justified or warranted.
What is justification?
Justification comes from reasons given for a claim, while truth or falsity resides in the claim itself.
Claims might be :
True but unjustified
or
False but justified.
Strong justified claims :
Are shown beyond reasonable doubt to be true.
Have exceptionally high probability.
Provide convincing grounds for belief or acceptance.
Judging Claims - Lesser Standards.
Plausibility (possibility).
Credibility (backed by evidence or from a reliable source)
Strong and weak claims ?
The strength of a claim relates to the extent of what is being asserted and how forcefully it’s stated.
Strong claims=Harder to justify than a weak one.
