lecture 3

Question 1

to generate lift

Answer 1

1. hydrodynamic lift: pectoral fins used to create lift
2. hydrostatic lift:
   i) physostomous: gulp air, bladder-gut connection
   ii) physoclistous: air bladder

Question 2

Locomotion: Anguilliform

Answer 2

-“eel”/”snake”-like
-sinusoidal wave along WHOLE body
-ex: hagfish

Question 3

Locomotion: Subcarangiform

Answer 3

-posterior/back half of body undulates
-ex: trout, bass

Question 4

Locomotion:Caragiform

Answer 4

-posterior body flexes
-ex: mackeral

Question 5

Locomotion: Thunniform

Answer 5

• most efficient
• high speeds
• stiff caudal fins
• lateral movements only in caudal fin
  -ex: sharks, tunas

Question 6

High aspect ratio

Answer 6

high speed and efficiency

Question 7

low aspect ratio

Answer 7

low speed and efficiency

Question 8

Locomotion: Ostraciform

Answer 8

-unable to move side to side
-propulsion comes from oscillating caudal fin
-slow moving
ex: box fish

Question 9

Locomotion: Diodontiform

Answer 9

-undulations of pectoral fins for propulsion
-ex: pufferfish

Question 10

Locomotion: Rajiform

Answer 10

-undulations of pectoral fins for thrust and lift
-ex: rays and skates

Question 11

Locomotion: Amiiform

Answer 11

-undulations of long dorsal fins
-ex: bowfin

Question 12

Locomotion: Gymnotiform

Answer 12

-undulations of long anal fin
-ex: electric eel

Question 13

locomotion: balistiform

Answer 13

anal and dorsal undulations

Question 14

locomotion: tetraodontiform

Answer 14

-synchronous oscillations of dorsal and anal fins
-ex: ocean sunfish

Question 15

Locomotion: Labiform

Answer 15

-oscillations of pectoral fins
-ex: blue gill