lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

patterns you see in your data due to random chance
no relationship between variables

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2
Q

Alternative Hypothesis

A

patterns you see in your data due to an effect of “treatment” (experiment)
relationship between variables

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3
Q

Scientific Hypothesis

A

Broad concept, Directionality, Mechanism: decides how your testing

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4
Q

Latitude

A

parallels that indicate north/south position
0 degrees lat. = equator

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5
Q

Longitude

A

meridians indicating east/west position
0 degrees = prime meridian

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6
Q

Degrees of North/South Poles

A

North/South are 90 degrees latitude (maximum)

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7
Q

Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn

A

Tropics are the maximum latitudes where the sun is directly overhead
23 degrees lat

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8
Q

Weather

A

day to day state of atmosphere
rainy, sunny, cloudy, etc.

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9
Q

Climate

A

Long-term average of weather ~30 years
mean annual temp., sum of annual precipitation

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10
Q

Solar incidence

A

diff parts of the planet receive diff amounts of solar energy depending on latitude
equator (high solar energy) vs poles (low solar energy)

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11
Q

Global air circulation

A

driven by Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells

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12
Q

Warm vs Cold air

A

Warm rises and absorbs more moisture
Cool descends and is dry

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13
Q

Hadley Cells

A

form due to warm air rising, cooling & forming condensation at the equator
air along ground moves towards equator

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14
Q

30 degrees latitude

A

Deserts form because of the descending cool air from Hadley cells warm up and absorb moisture

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15
Q

Ferrel Cells

A

Not maintained by warming or cooling effects, but rather by the strong energy of the other cells
air along ground moves away from equator

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16
Q

Polar Cells

A

like Hadley Cells: formed due to warming and cooling of air
air along ground moves toward equator

17
Q

Coriolis effect

A

Atmospheric masses do not move N to S in straight lines but are tilted

18
Q

Coriolis effect on Northern hemisphere

A

Winds in the Northern hemisphere deflected to the right of their direction of travel

19
Q

Coriolis effect on Southern hemisphere

A

Winds in the southern Hemisphere deflected to the left of their direction of travel

20
Q

Direction of spinning storms

A

spins CCW in the northern hemisphere
spins CW in the southern hemisphere

21
Q

Gyres

A

horizontally circulating major water currents in oceans
driven by winds, Coriolis effect and land masses

22
Q

Ekman spiral

A
  • Coriolis also moves water vertically
  • force of wind on water diminishes and changes direction in deeper waters
  • net transport of water vertically will be 90 degrees different than the surface wind direction
23
Q

Coastal Upwelling

A
  • wind-driven off-shore movement of water
  • deeper (nutrient rich) waters replace water near shore