lecture 3 Flashcards
Null Hypothesis
patterns you see in your data due to random chance
no relationship between variables
Alternative Hypothesis
patterns you see in your data due to an effect of “treatment” (experiment)
relationship between variables
Scientific Hypothesis
Broad concept, Directionality, Mechanism: decides how your testing
Latitude
parallels that indicate north/south position
0 degrees lat. = equator
Longitude
meridians indicating east/west position
0 degrees = prime meridian
Degrees of North/South Poles
North/South are 90 degrees latitude (maximum)
Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
Tropics are the maximum latitudes where the sun is directly overhead
23 degrees lat
Weather
day to day state of atmosphere
rainy, sunny, cloudy, etc.
Climate
Long-term average of weather ~30 years
mean annual temp., sum of annual precipitation
Solar incidence
diff parts of the planet receive diff amounts of solar energy depending on latitude
equator (high solar energy) vs poles (low solar energy)
Global air circulation
driven by Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells
Warm vs Cold air
Warm rises and absorbs more moisture
Cool descends and is dry
Hadley Cells
form due to warm air rising, cooling & forming condensation at the equator
air along ground moves towards equator
30 degrees latitude
Deserts form because of the descending cool air from Hadley cells warm up and absorb moisture
Ferrel Cells
Not maintained by warming or cooling effects, but rather by the strong energy of the other cells
air along ground moves away from equator