Lecture 3 Flashcards
Consonants of english
Bilabial place of articulation
P
b
m
Labiodental
f
v
Interdental
θ - thick as thieves
ð - this and that
only 7% of languages have
Alveolar
t
d
s
z
n
l
r
Alveopalatal
- [ʃ] in shell shock
- [ʒ] in Illu[ʒ]on confu[ʒ]on
- [t͡ʃ] in chit-chat
- [d͡ʒ] in jumping jack
Palatal
[j] in yin yang
Velar
- [k] in cookie cutter
- [g] in good as gold
- [ŋ] in si[ŋ] son[ŋ]
- [w] in wild west
Tale of two W’s
In some varieties of english there are two velar glides
- voiced [w] and voicless [ʍ]
- words spelt with ‘wh’ used to be pronounced as [ʍ]
Preserved in Irish and Scottish english
Uvular - place of articulation
Arabic articulates at Uvula but not english
q is symbol for uvular stop of IPA
Glottal
[h] - high hopes
[ʔ] is a marginal sound in English
* ‘uh-oh’ [ʔʌʔo]
* Humming rejection [ʔm̩ʔm̩]
* Can also be heard instead of [t] in some
varieties
Manner of articulation : Oral Stops
AKA plosives or simply stops
Complete closure in oral cavity - silence
voicelss: p t k ʔ
voiced: b d g
Fricatives
Continuous airflow through the mouth
Very narrow opening
Turbulent airflow: ‘random noise’ or static
Voiceless: f θ s ʃ h
Voiced: v ð z ʒ
Affricate
stop+fricative
- [t͡ʃ]
- [d͡ʒ]
t and ʃ in batshit vs [t͡ʃ] in ratchet
Nasal cavity - confusing terminology
Raised velum cuts off airflow into the nasal cavity
Lowered velum allows air to go into the nasal cavity
Nasals are technically stops
- nasal stops are often called nasals
- oral stops are often called ‘stops’