Lecture 3

Question 1

Lipid

Answer 1

hydrophillic at the head, hydrophobic at the tail —> tails points towards each other

Question 2

Transmembrane Protein

Answer 2

Create channel —> form pore through layer —> through charge particles called ions —> all require their own type of ion channel to travel

Question 3

Extracellular

Answer 3

Outside cell membrane

Question 4

Intracellular

Answer 4

Inside cell membrane

Question 5

Two types of neural cells in the nervous system

Answer 5

• neurons
• neuroglia

Question 6

Neurons

Answer 6

For processing, transfer, and storage of info

Question 7

Neuroglia

Answer 7

For support, regulation, and protection of neurons

Question 8

Purkinje Cell

Answer 8

in cerebellum —> transmitting, processing, storing info

Question 9

Dendrites

Answer 9

• reaching out and receives information from other neurons
• other projections of spines (leaves) —> make themself as big as possible, more surface area —> receive more info

Question 10

Soma/ Cell Body

Answer 10

• where information is semated/processed/stored in
• contains lot of organelles, really busy, so neuron can ultimately due its job
• in charge of reception

Question 11

Axon

Answer 11

• carries info away from the neuron
  
  • afferent axon —> admission
  • efferent axon —> exit
• dendrites receiving info in the spinal cord
• sensory neuron has afferent
• motor neuron has efferent —> taking info out
• interneuron —> fully in spinal cord, brain, axon does not enter or exit, normal axon
• axon coming from and out of soma
• motor coming out from the front (ventral root)

Question 12

Synaptic/ axon terminal/ terminal button

Answer 12

• main function: start communication, release info, release neurotransmitter to muscles (to move)
• at the end of axon
• sometimes axon will branch to increase surface area
• has a lot of mitochondria —> make energy
• beginning of our synapses
  
  • synaptic vesicle
  • synaptic gap
  • synaptic vesicles
• neurons produce chemicals called neurotransmitters

Question 13

Anterograde Transport

Answer 13

from soma to terminal button

Question 14

Retrograde Transports

Answer 14

from terminal button to soma –> get rid of something

Question 15

Forms of Neurons

Answer 15

• multipolar
• bipolar
• pseudounipolar

Question 16

Anaxonic Neurons

Answer 16

• no anatomical clues to determine axons from dendrites
• functions unknown

Question 17

Multipolar Neuron

Answer 17

• most common type
• multiple dendrites and single axon

Question 18

Bipolar Neuron

Answer 18

• two process coming off cell body —> one dendrite + one axon
• only found in eye, ear, nose

Question 19

Unipolar/Psudounipolar

Answer 19

only has one nerve process extending from the cell body: an axon that extends into dendrites

Question 20

Functional classification based on type of info + direction of in transmission

Answer 20

• sensory (afferent) neurons
• motor (efferent) neurons
• association (interneurons)

Question 21

Sensory (afferent) Neurons

Answer 21

• take in spinal cord
• transmit sensory info from receptors of PNS (peripheral nervous system) towards to CNS (central)
• most sensory neurons are unipolar, a few are bipolar

Question 22

Motor (efferent) Neurons

Answer 22

• transmit motor info from the CNS to effectors (muscles/glands/adipose tissue) in the periphery of the body
• all are multipolar
• receives lots of info cuz more dendrites

Question 23

Association (interneuron)

Answer 23

• transmit info between neurons within the CNS
• analyse inputs, coordinate outputs
• most common type of neuron (20 billion)
• are all multipolar

Question 24

Neuroglia

Answer 24

the other cellular component of the nervous system
for support, protection of neurons

Question 25

Astrocytes

Answer 25

• radial glia (looks like stars)
• wraps synaptic terminals
• scaffolding: mechanical + metabolic support
• increases in number after brain injury

Question 26

Glia

Answer 26

Non neuronal cells