Lecture 3 Flashcards
Lipid
hydrophillic at the head, hydrophobic at the tail —> tails points towards each other
Transmembrane Protein
Create channel —> form pore through layer —> through charge particles called ions —> all require their own type of ion channel to travel
Extracellular
Outside cell membrane
Intracellular
Inside cell membrane
Two types of neural cells in the nervous system
- neurons
- neuroglia
Neurons
For processing, transfer, and storage of info
Neuroglia
For support, regulation, and protection of neurons
Purkinje Cell
in cerebellum —> transmitting, processing, storing info
Dendrites
- reaching out and receives information from other neurons
- other projections of spines (leaves) —> make themself as big as possible, more surface area —> receive more info
Soma/ Cell Body
- where information is semated/processed/stored in
- contains lot of organelles, really busy, so neuron can ultimately due its job
- in charge of reception
Axon
- carries info away from the neuron
- afferent axon —> admission
- efferent axon —> exit
- dendrites receiving info in the spinal cord
- sensory neuron has afferent
- motor neuron has efferent —> taking info out
- interneuron —> fully in spinal cord, brain, axon does not enter or exit, normal axon
- axon coming from and out of soma
- motor coming out from the front (ventral root)
Synaptic/ axon terminal/ terminal button
- main function: start communication, release info, release neurotransmitter to muscles (to move)
- at the end of axon
- sometimes axon will branch to increase surface area
- has a lot of mitochondria —> make energy
- beginning of our synapses
- synaptic vesicle
- synaptic gap
- synaptic vesicles
- neurons produce chemicals called neurotransmitters
Anterograde Transport
from soma to terminal button
Retrograde Transports
from terminal button to soma –> get rid of something
Forms of Neurons
- multipolar
- bipolar
- pseudounipolar
Anaxonic Neurons
- no anatomical clues to determine axons from dendrites
- functions unknown
Multipolar Neuron
- most common type
- multiple dendrites and single axon
Bipolar Neuron
- two process coming off cell body —> one dendrite + one axon
- only found in eye, ear, nose
Unipolar/Psudounipolar
only has one nerve process extending from the cell body: an axon that extends into dendrites
Functional classification based on type of info + direction of in transmission
- sensory (afferent) neurons
- motor (efferent) neurons
- association (interneurons)
Sensory (afferent) Neurons
- take in spinal cord
- transmit sensory info from receptors of PNS (peripheral nervous system) towards to CNS (central)
- most sensory neurons are unipolar, a few are bipolar
Motor (efferent) Neurons
- transmit motor info from the CNS to effectors (muscles/glands/adipose tissue) in the periphery of the body
- all are multipolar
- receives lots of info cuz more dendrites
Association (interneuron)
- transmit info between neurons within the CNS
- analyse inputs, coordinate outputs
- most common type of neuron (20 billion)
- are all multipolar
Neuroglia
the other cellular component of the nervous system
for support, protection of neurons
Astrocytes
- radial glia (looks like stars)
- wraps synaptic terminals
- scaffolding: mechanical + metabolic support
- increases in number after brain injury
Glia
Non neuronal cells
