Lecture 2 Flashcards
Dualism
The mind and body are separate entities
Parallelism
Doing the same thing, never meeting one another, mind going on the same time as physical brain
Interactionism
Rene Descartes —> believed in interactionism between mind and brain happened in the pineal glands as the brain is symmetrical except pineal gland + surrounded by fluids
Hypothesis: pineal gland, didn’t exist in animals only human, and because surrounded by fluids, he believed behavioural responses were produced due to fluids surrounding
Problem: comes down to basic physics (First Law of Conservation) —> energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Monism
brain and mind is the same thing
no nonphysical energy
- materialism
- mentalism
- emergent property position
- identity position
Materialism
Both mind and brain is physical, everything is material
Mentalism
Everything is nonphysical, nothing is material, nobody exists in the physical realm, only the mind exists
Emergent property position
the mind emerges from some brain activity —> when physical entity of the brain is active —> how mind comes about
Identity position
- mind = brain activity but not mind is brain
- brain activity happening same time as mind
Trepanation
poke holes in brain to relieve pressure/behaviour issues going on
Cardiac hypothesis
- Aristotle
- heart controls behaviour
Brain hypothesis
- Hyppocreates
- Plato —> brain was closer to the Gods
- Galen —> used big brain injuries to hypothesise
Fluids
Galen and Descartes believed that the brain controlled behaviour by interacting with or moving the fluid in the ventricles
Electrical Impulse
Galvani discovered that electrical stimulation can cause a muscle to twitch
Electric impulses —> emil de boid-raymond measured electrical current in neural tissue
Neural Net Hypothesis (the reticular theory)
- nervous system is a continuous mass of tissue
- Camillo Golgi
Cell Hypothesis
- neurons are individual cells
- Santiago Ramon y Cajal
