Lecture 3

Question 1

What does the innate response do?

Answer 1

sounds the alarm and opens vasculature (vasodilation) to allow cells to enter the infected site

Question 2

What does the adaptive response do?

Answer 2

when there’s a build up of prior exposure it results in a quicker and stronger immune response (basis for immunity)

Question 3

What do cytokines do?

Answer 3

released by cells to stimulate and regulate other cells to regulate the immune response

Question 4

What do interferons (INFs) do?

Answer 4

promote antiviral and antitumor responses and stimulate immune responses

Question 5

What do chemokines do?

Answer 5

associated with inflammatory responses (chemotactic factors)

Question 6

What does the secretion of chemotactic factors do?

Answer 6

forms a gradient that immune cells follow to get to the site and work

Question 7

Where do all blood cells arise from?

Answer 7

pluripotent stem cells

Question 8

What are pluripotent stem cells composed of?

Answer 8

bone marrow and fetal blood

Question 9

What is the primary lymphoid tissue comprised of?

Answer 9

Bone marrow and the thymus

Question 10

Bone marrow is the location of what?

Answer 10

B-cell differentiation

Question 11

How long does it take for B-cells to mature?

Answer 11

1-2 weeks

Question 12

The thymus is the location of what?

Answer 12

T-cell differentiation

Question 13

What is the secondary lymphoid tissue composed of?

Answer 13

• lymph nodes
• spleen
• mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 14

How much of the circulating leukocytes do neutrophils make up?

Answer 14

50% to 70%

Question 15

What line of defense are leukocytes?

Answer 15

first line of defense

Question 16

What is pus?

Answer 16

mostly dead neutrophils

Question 17

Do neutrophils contribute to inflammatory response?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

How much of the circulating leukocytes do monocytes make up?

Answer 18

3%-8%

Question 19

What wave are monocytes/macrophages?

Answer 19

second wave

Question 20

Monocytes follow neutrophils to sites of infection where they mature into what?

Answer 20

macrophages

Question 21

Are macrophages phagocytic?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

Are macrophages antigen presenting cells?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

Dendritic cells are professional APCs that can also secrete what?

Answer 23

cytokines (determine the type of response required)

Question 24

Where are dendritic cells found?

Answer 24

in blood and tissue

Question 25

Where do dendritic cells migrate to present to T cells

Answer 25

lymph nodes

Question 26

True or False
Dendritic cells constantly process and present antigen

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Dendritic cells are the only APC that can what?

Answer 27

initiate antigen specific T cell response

Question 28

LPS interacts with TLR4 which strongly activates what?

Answer 28

macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells , and endothelial cells

Question 29

Complement pathway is activated by what?

Answer 29

teichoic acid, peptidoglycan, and LPS in the absence of antibody

Question 30

What is the first line of defense when dealing with viral infections?

Answer 30

interferon

Question 31

INF-a is made by what?

Answer 31

b-cells, epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and immature DCs

Question 32

INF-B is made by what?

Answer 32

fibroblasts and other cells

Question 33

IFN-y is made by what?

Answer 33

activated T-cells and NK cells later in the infection