lecture 3

Question 1

what is neo-liberal?

Answer 1

• Ideology and policy model that emphasizes the value of free market competition.
• Dominant mode of urban governance in most cities worldwide

Question 2

what is Depolitisation?

Answer 2

avoiding social conflicts. What remains are
technocratic policies, effective alliances and pragmatic actions
(Schinkel, 2012)

Question 3

How are environmental issues managed in the city (ie. ‘depoliticised’)
and fit within neoliberalism?

Answer 3

• (…) the urban sustainability framework has been ‘neo-liberalised’ and merged with ideas around ecological modernisation, which promotes the economic benefits of reducing environmental pollution and of mobilising more ‘ecologically’ rational resource management operations.
• It promotes market-led, technocratic approaches to ‘greening’ capitalism and almost completely ignores issues of social justice and the processes of social inclusion and exclusion that run through urban environments(…)
  Cook & Swyngedouw (2012)

Question 4

how did depolitisation gave rise to neoliberal urban
governance (e.g. environmental/climate issues)

Answer 4

1. Companies dictate what urban governments do (not other
   way around!)
2. Citizens turn into individuals and moral consumers
   (‘green consumers’)

Question 5

What is governmentality?

Answer 5

• Approach to understand how power and control work via
  various actors and practices
• It explain changes in what ‘we’ are (e.g. individuals, moral
  humans, unhealthy citizens)

Question 6

what is environmentality (or ‘green governmentality’)?

Answer 6

• Applying a governmentality approach to environmental
  issues (focus on power/knowledge)
• How has “all biological life become the object of scientific
  knowledge, calculation and strategy (sustainable
  development) (Brand, 2007)

Question 7

what three analytical dimensions are there according to Rutherford (2016)?

Answer 7

1. Forms of seeing and knowing
2. Strategies of intervention
3. Shaping subjects

Question 8

how does intervention sovereign see the city?

Answer 8

Seeing the city as a state with legal frames, environmental science, technical assessments

Question 9

what strategies does intervention sovereign environmentality have?

Answer 9

Environmental regulations, standards, fines

Question 10

what strategies does intervention Neoliberal environmentality have?

Answer 10

Green products, personal responsibility

Question 11

how does Neoliberal environmentality see the city?

Answer 11

Market with market research and consumer preferences

Question 12

what strategies does intervention Communitarian
environmentality have?

Answer 12

Social and green norms, community building

Question 13

how does Communitarian environmentality see the city?

Answer 13

Community with Indigenous knowledge, holism, systems thinking

Question 14

what is the key in neoliberal government?

Answer 14

self-managment