lecture 2

Question 1

what historical shifts are there from governmnet to governance?

Answer 1

since 1960s: more democratic culture in urban planning
since 1980s: public service towards market and society
from technocratic planning to outsourcing and collaboration

Question 2

what conceptual shifts are there from government to governance?

Answer 2

from hierarchies to networks
from centres to relations

Question 3

what is hysing’s approach?

Answer 3

• Problematising the simplified shift from government to governance
• State is not a ‘unitary system’
• Conceptual frame to assess differences on a continuum

Question 3

what is hysing’s approach?

Answer 3

• Problematising the simplified shift from government to governance
• State is not a ‘unitary system’
• Conceptual frame to assess differences on a continuum
• “(…) the [government-to-governance]
  story line is not necessarily interpreted
  and adopted in the same way in every
  policy area”

Question 4

what is the risk from market economy?

Answer 4

market-dependency, techno-optimism

Question 5

what instruments and modes of governance are there?

Answer 5

market economy
policy or state
community or civil society

Question 6

what is the risk from policy or state?

Answer 6

technocratic, undemocratic, fragmentation

Question 7

what is the risk from community or civil society?

Answer 7

usual suspects, symbolic changes

Question 8

what four hard and soft tools are there?

Answer 8

nodality (soft)
authority (hard)
treasure (soft)
organisation (hard)

Question 9

what is Vabo & Røiseland approach?

Answer 9

Conceptualizing the Tools of Government in Urban Network Governance (hard and soft tools of government)

Question 10

what is colonisation(/modernisation)?

Answer 10

the historical and material process of occupation and exploitation of land, labour and culture

Question 11

what is coloniality(/modernity)?

Answer 11

Is a long-standing patterns of power that occurred ensuing from colonialism.
is a concept first used by Aníbal Quijano and later developed by Walter Mignolo. It refers to the way in which the concepts (modernity and coloniality) are inseparable –two sides of the same coin.

Question 12

what is the modernist/colonial urban rule?

Answer 12

Foregrounding technical and legal framings of urban
spaces, separating social groups and zones (‘europeans’
vs. ‘locals’)

Question 13

How does coloniality impact urban governance?

Answer 13

• Urban ‘development’ after independence often via Western city imaginaries and
  planning practices (‘post’-colonial)
• Still many urban inequalities (e.g. health, housing, income)

Question 14

How does coloniality impact environmental governance? and who said this?

Answer 14

• Modernity/coloniality “allows others to co-opt the environmental
  imperative and advocate a technocratic response, such as
  combatting pollution and resource scarcity through geo-engineering
  or carbon markets”
• “A chemical is toxic? We take it off the market. Too much pollution?
  We regulate, or implement a technical solution”
  Malcolm Ferdinand