Lecture 3

Question 1

Milgram experiment

Answer 1

For how long will someone continue to give shocks to another person if they are told to do so,even if they thought they could be seriously hurt?

Question 2

Stanford prison experiment

Answer 2

psychologist Philip Zimbardo tried to show that prison guards and convicts would tend to slip into predefined roles, behaving in a way that they thought was
required, rather than using their own judgment and morals

Question 3

4 Ethical principles

Answer 3

• Avoiding harm (avoiding adverse consequences)
• Informed consent
• Privacy/confidentiality
• Avoid deception

Question 4

4 key aspects, but:

Answer 4

• Long-term research or in-depth interview: people forget who you are or start to trust you and give more/more personal information than they wanted to.
• When are situations private and as a result require consent?
• Practically: Is it possible to obtain consent? Is it possible to guarantee anonymity? Is it possible to know and share all details of the research beforehand
• Transparency/honesty may cause reactivity, making the research worthless.

Question 5

Moral positions

Answer 5

(view notes)

Question 6

Two positions (or ethical theories)

Answer 6

• Teleological
• Deontological

Question 7

Teleological

Answer 7

consequences of the act determines the value, a decision can be made by simple calculations

Question 8

Deontological

Answer 8

there are universal values and rules (rights and duties) that apply to every situation

Question 9

Typology of moral positions

Answer 9

(view notes)

Question 10

Interview

Answer 10

“the purpose of an interview is to learn what the other person would think if you weren’t there asking him”
(more on notes)

Question 11

Naïve realism

Answer 11

Naive realism is the tendency to believe our perception of the world reflects it exactly as it is, unbiased and unfiltered.