Lecture 3

Question 1

Mention the PURPOSES OF THERAPY

Answer 1

1-Curative
2-Symptomatic
3-Replacement
4-Supportive
5-Prophylactic or Preventive therapy
6-Palliation

Question 2

any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not its cause , Called ?

Answer 2

Symptomatic treatment

Question 3

seeking a cure for an existent disease or medical condition , this statement describe the ?

Answer 3

Curative

Question 4

Administration of a body substance to compensate for the loss, as from disease or surgery, of a gland or tissue that would normally produce the substance , this purpose called ?

Answer 4

Replacement

Question 5

is one that does not treat or improve the underlying condition, but instead increases the patient’s comfort is ?

Answer 5

Supportive

Question 6

Mention a therapy that is intended to prevent a medical condition from occurring :

Answer 6

Prophylactic or Preventive therapy

Question 7

The purpose which focuses on relieving and preventing the suffering of patients by addressing physical, emotional, spiritual and social concerns arising with illness is ?

Answer 7

Palliation

Question 8

patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community , this sentence describe the ?

Answer 8

Rational use of drugs

Question 9

Choice of effective drugs should be based on ?

Answer 9

1. Efficacy
2. Cost
3. Chosen from Essential Drugs .

Question 10

We can consider the drug is effective if the cost of it is affordable by patient and community (Yes/No) :

Answer 10

Yes 👏

Question 11

Effective drugs that are commonly used in community, and must always be available .
Mention the term to which this sentence refers :

Answer 11

Chosen from Essential Drugs

Question 12

Give me the steps that basis of rational drug prescribing based on it :

Answer 12

1. Making a specific diagnosis
2. Consider the pathophysiologic implications of the diagnosis
3. Select the specific therapeutic objective
4. Select a drug of choice
5. Design the appropriate dosing regimen, based on patient pharmacokinetics and if they are altered by his illness
6. Monitor for therapeutic effect(s), patient compliance, and adverse effects

Question 13

When you ————— you must consider patient criteria (age, other drugs also taken, other diseases, and nature of disease) as well as his clinical presentation

Answer 13

Select a drug of choice

Question 14

Pleas , mention the two major types of prescriptions

Answer 14

1-Hospital prescription of drugs
2- Office prescription

Question 15

Which prescription write by the treating doctor on the Physician Order Sheet (POS) of the patient hospital chart.

Answer 15

Hospital prescription of drugs

Question 16

The abbreviation (POS) means ?

Answer 16

Physician Order Sheet

Question 17

Hospital prescription of drugs preceded by (مسبوقة بِ )?

Answer 17

The date

Question 18

The hospital prescription of drugs includes?

Answer 18

The drug (s) and direction of use

Question 19

We write a group of information for each drug , mention this group :

Answer 19

The (dose) to be given to patient and its (route), (frequency) of administration, and (duration) of use. This followed by (signature of the treating doctor).

Question 20

Slide 9 show the model of prescription

Answer 20

🏥

Question 21

The physician request to the pharmacist aimed at dispensing drug(s) in proper amount to patient together with directions for effective therapeutic use. This sentence describe?

Answer 21

Office prescription

Question 22

Mention the parts of office prescription:🌚

Answer 22

1. Identification
2. Superscription
3. Inscription ( Body of prescription )
4. Subscription
5. Re-fill directions
6. Signature of prescribing doctor & his license number

Question 23

Identification includes two parts , mention them

Answer 23

A. Doctor : Name, specialty, address, telephone(optional)
_____________________________
B. Patient : Name , age , address( optional), Date

Question 24

Where we can find th (Rx) ?
Rx: Recipe (Receive Thou)

Answer 24

In Superscription part

Question 25

The body of prescription that includes the drug(s), dose form and its strength in metric units, and directions for proper use by patient is named as ?

Answer 25

Inscription

Question 26

The part that includes the directions for dispensing the correct amount of drug for the patient according to frequency of use and duration of treatment called ?

Answer 26

Subscription

Question 27

if needed اربطها مع

Answer 27

Re-fill directions 😱

Question 28

any special warning to be given to patient regarding drug storage or use, and if there is a need for child-proof container for drug(s) . Called ?

Answer 28

Re-fill directions

Question 29

usually at bottom of prescription is ?

Answer 29

Signature of prescribing doctor & his license number

Question 30

We can find the abbreviation (Rx) in :
A. Hospital prescription
B . Office prescription
C . Both
D. None of them
E. Other

Answer 30

B 🌚

Question 31

Trade name is used in hospital prescriptions, while generic name is used in office prescriptions (T,F) :

Answer 31

F —>(Trade name is used in office prescriptions, while generic name is used in hospital prescriptions) .

Question 32

What do these abbreviations refer to ?
ac :
pc :
bid:
tid :
qid:
prn:
qd :
qh :
qhs:
stat:

Answer 32

ac : ante cibum (before meals)
pc : post cibum (after meals)
bid : twice daily
tid : three times daily
qid : four times daily
prn : when needed
qd : every day
qh : every hour
qhs : every night at bedtime
stat : at once

Question 33

Mention the measurements that may be used in directions of drug use in prescriptions:

Answer 33

1. one tea spoonful = 5 ml
2. one table spoonful = 15 ml
3. one ounce (oz.) = 30 ml
4. one quart = 1000 ml
   5.one drop = 0.05 ml
   6.one ml = 20 drops

Question 34

Mention the common errors in prescription writing :

Answer 34

1. Omission of information.
2. Poor prescription writing

Question 35

There are many problems related to drug , mention them :

Answer 35

1. Untreated condition.
2. Improper drug selection.
3. Sub-therapeutic dosage.
4. Over-dose/toxicity.
5. Failure to receive drug.
6. Adverse drug reactions/events.
7. Interactions.
8. Drug use without indication.
9. Non-compliance.

Question 36

Drug Compliance is ?😊

Answer 36

The extent to which the patient follows the instructions of proper drug(s) use , as given by his prescribing doctor on the prescription form.

Question 37

Give me the main causes of poor compliance :

Answer 37

1. Lack of patient education by the prescriber on details of proper drug use or lack of understanding by patients of the instructions when taught to them.
2. Failure of patient to obtain the drug due to problems of cost or handicap.
3. Patient forgets to take drug or loss of drug.
4. Polypharmacy (taking multiple drugs) : due to many diseases esp. in elderly ; this is esp. when multiple doses of each drug is needed daily
5. Frequent doses (> 3 / d) and long duration of treatment (months or years)
6. Age : neonates, infants, children, and elderly
7. Disabling adverse effects occur

Question 38

Mention the consequences of poor compliance :

Answer 38

1. Reduced or loss of therapeutic effect , esp. with drugs having short half-life
2. Recurrence of disease.
3. Withdrawal syndrome occur with some drugs

Question 39

Overdose Midterm Selected Question:
1. Regarding the prescriptions, choose the best statement:

Answer 39

Answer: Generic name is used in hospital prescription

Question 40

Vagus Midterm Selected Question:
1. 20. Mr.TA is a 45 years old patient that came to your clinic with an acute GI (=gastrointestinal) infection accompanied with a high-grade fever and vomiting. you prescribed for him an antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin), antipyretic (paracetamol) to control the fever, and an antiemetic (Loperamide) to stop vomiting. In this regimen, Loperamide is considered as ………. Drug.

Answer 40

Answer: Symptomatic

Question 41

2. 42. A 36 old female patient came to your private clinic complaining from bacterial bronchitis. you decided to treat her infection with Azithromycin. the best regimen for her case is to give 250 mg orally (tablet), once daily for 3 days on a full stomach. which one of the following abbreviations would you write on her prescription to the pharmacy?

Answer 41

Answer: Azithromax 250 mg tablet, p.o, qd * 3 days, pc.