Lecture 1 Flashcards
What does the term (Pharmakon) mean?
Drug
Logos mean ?
Science
the study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes is ?
Pharmacology
How the substances interact with living systems through chemical processes ?
by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes
A term of varied usage is ?
Drug
any substance with the potential to (prevent) or (cure )disease or (enhance) physical or (mental) welfare
Medicine
any “chemical agent” that ((alters)) the -biochemical- or -physiological- processes of tissues or organisms (a substance that is listed in the pharmacopeia).
Pharmacology
((A book)) describing drugs, chemicals, and medicinal preparations
Pharmacopeia
What is the main goal of drug treatment ? OR …. The Major Objective of drug treatment is :
1-have a drug at the site of action.
2-proper concentration.
3-good enough to reverse a defect without producing side or toxic effects.
There are many ways to classify drugs , Name five of these ways😊:
1- Pharmacological category.
2- Physiological system targeted by the drugs.
3- Chemical nature.
4-Drug source.
5-Drugs to treat common vs. rare diseases.
Give me the ways that aren’t mentioned in the previous question:
1- The need for prescription
2- Therapeutic use
Give me an Examples of Natural Drug Sources :
1- Plants , 2- animals , 3-human , 4-Micro organisms
Penicillin, streptomycin and many other antibiotics is an examples of ?
Micro organisms
Give me two examples of minerals drug Sources ?
1-Liquid
2-paraffin
The need for prescription can be divided into two main parts, mention them
A. Prescription drugs
B. OTC drugs
(OTC) Abbreviation to ?
Over The Counter
OTC Can be sold over the counter with prescription (T/F)
FALSE
Are used under only medical supervision and dispensed by an order of medical practitioner only is the :
Prescription drugs
Anti-hypertensive drugs , Anti-microbial drugs , Anesthetics and hypoglycemic drugs , is an example of ?
Therapeutic use
Give me four categories of therapeutic use😊
1- Anti-hypertensive drugs
2- Anti-microbial drugs
3- Anesthetics hypoglycemic drugs
4- hypoglycemic drugs
Which of these ways must be precise ?
A. Therapeutic use
B. Prescription drugs
C. pharmacological action
D. Chemical nature
C
Mention foure example of pharmacological action :
1- Atenolol
2-Furosemide
3-Amlodipine
4-Ramipril
The examples in previous question can use to treat?
high blood pressure
Give me two examples of Physiological systems targeted by the drug :
• Drugs acting on respiratory system.
• Drugs acting on gastrointestinal tract.
Proton pumps inhibitors is an example of :
pumps inhibitors
Selective beta-2 adrenergic receptors agonists is an example of
Drugs acting on respiratory system
How we need to use Common chemical groups or structures?
to classify drugs that have similarity in their pharmacological profile.
Drugs or biological products for diagnosis/treatment/prevention of a ((rare disease or condition)), or a more common disease (endemic only in resource poor countries)
Orphan Drugs
Which one of drugs is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing and marketing it will be recovered from the sales of that drug.
Orphan Drugs
يلا يا حلو ، give me seven examples of Main branches of pharmacology
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacodynamics
•Pharmacotherapy
• Pharmacogenetics
• Pharmacogenomics
• Pharmacognosy
• Pharmacoeconomics
Give me three main branches of pharmacology that aren’t mentioned in the previous question :
• Toxicology
• Clinical pharmacology
• Chemotherapy
Give me the questions that pharmacology usually answer all of them
1.How much of a drug to give? Dose
- How frequent a drug should be given? Related to the biological half-life (t1/2)
3.When to give it? Before or
after meals; at bed time, PRN…
- How to give it? Rout of administration
The branch of pharmacology concerned with(( the movement of drugs)) within the body is ?
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics deals with ?
ADME process
The branch of pharmacology concerned with ((the effects)) of drugs and ((the mechanism)) of their action is ?
Pharmacodynamics
Drug’s plasma concentration, its response and duration of action work through?
Pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body and how can ?
* ask this question to describe the ?
Pharmacodynamics
It is the physical form of drug product that is suitable for administration to man.
Dosage forms
Dosage forms contains specified dose or amount of drug in a specified quantity or unit of the formulation.(T/F)
TRUE
Please , mention the foure Dosage forms 😊
• Solid
• Semi-solid
• Liquid
• Gas
Give me 3 examples of Solid dosage:
• Tablets
• Capsules
• Powder
Can you mention five examples of Semi-solid drugs
• Creams
• Ointments
• Paste
• Gel
• Suppositories
Give me two examples of liquid dosage :
• Monophasic Syrup
Solution
• Biphasic Suspension Emulsion
About Gas dosage , give me two examples :
• Inhalers
• Sprays
Mention the seven main routes of administrations:
- Buccal and Sublingual
- Oral
- Inhalational
- Parenteral
- Topical
- Rectal
- Transdermal (patches)
The dosage that use through buccal and sublingual is :
Solid (tablet) or liquid (spray) dosage form.
absorbed from the buccal cavity (highly vascular) and the presence of saliva fasten the dissolution in case of tablet dosage form
(THIS process related to)?
Buccal and sublingual
The advantages of Buccal and sublingual is :
1- Quick onset of action
2- Avoid first pass effect
3- Can be used for unconscious patients
Give me the Features of oral dosage:
A. Used for local or systematic effect
B. Solid or liquid dosage forms
C. Drug absorbed from the GI tract
D. Most common
The Advantages of use oral dosage is
- Simplest rout
- Self administration
The Disadvantages of use oral dosage is :
- Slow onset of action
- Absorption issues
Give me the Features of Inhalational dosage
1- Used for local (predominantly) or systematic
effects
2- Solid (powder), liquid or gas dosage forms
3- Mostly used for respiratory conditions such as asthma
The advantages of use Inhalational dosage is :
- Smaller dose than oral route is used to give the same effect
- Lower incidence of side effects
- Rapid onset of action
Drugs are given by a rout out of the alimentary canal most commonly by injections , the method name is :
Parenteral
superficial injection and it is used for diagnostic tests for allergy and vaccines is ?
Intradermal
injection used for drugs that cannot be given orally
Subcutaneous
Which one gives quick onset and prolonged action (insulin)?
Subcutaneous
Which one used for solutions (aqueous and oil) and for suspensions ?
Intramuscular
injection used for aqueous solutions only (antibiotics and parenteral products)
is ?
Intravenous
injection used in arthritis patients to administer corticosteroids
Intraarticular
Give me two characteristics of Topical
• Can be cream, ointment, gel, paste or lotion for external use.
• Easy to use
Mention four of features of Rectal :
—Used for local or systematic effect
—Solid, liquid or semi-solid dosage forms
—Drug absorbed from the rectum ( 3 veins)
—High bioavailability (but not 100%)
Give me the advantages of use rectal :
—Can be used for vomiting of unconscious patients, children, elderly or mentally disturbed and patients with dysphagia.
—Can be used for local action
(laxatives) .
Give me the Disadvantages to use the rectal :
Less convenient than oral rout
Applied to the skin and deliver a controlled dose of a drug over a specified period of time to produce systemic effect (nicotine patches) is ?
Transdermal
The branch of pharmacology that deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems, from individual cells to humans to complex ecosystems is ?
Toxicology
