Lecture 3

Question 1

Hydrophilic

Answer 1

High affinity for water and is soluble

Question 2

Hydrophobic

Answer 2

Low affinity for water and is non-soluble

Question 3

Macromolecules

Answer 3

Large molecules generated by the polymerization of small organic molecules

Question 4

Monomers

Answer 4

The repeating units which make up polymers

Question 5

Cellular Hierarchy

Answer 5

Biological molecules and structures are organized into a series of levels, each building on the preceding one

Question 6

Supramolecular Structures

Answer 6

Components of organelles and other subcellular structures that make up the cell

Question 7

Principle of Self-assembly

Answer 7

The information needed to specify the folding of macromolecules and their interactions to form complex structures is inherent in the polymers themselves

Question 8

Chemical Simplicity

Answer 8

Relatively few subunits are used for a wide variety of structures

Question 9

Efficiency of Assembly

Answer 9

A small number of kinds of condensation reactions are needed (enzymes)

Question 10

Quality Control

Answer 10

Defective components can be discarded prior to incorporation into higher-level structure, reducing the waste of energy and materials

Question 11

Enzymes

Answer 11

Function as catalysts, increasing the rate of chemical reactions

Question 12

Structural Proteins

Answer 12

Physical support and shape

Question 13

Motility Proteins

Answer 13

Contraction and movement

Question 14

Regulatory Proteins

Answer 14

Control and coordinate cell function

Question 15

Transport Proteins

Answer 15

Move substances in and out of cells

Question 16

Hormonal Proteins

Answer 16

Communication between cells

Question 17

Receptor Proteins

Answer 17

Enable cells to respond to stimuli from the environment

Question 18

Defensive Proteins

Answer 18

Protect against cell damage and pathogens

Question 19

Storage proteins

Answer 19

Reservoirs of amino acids

Question 20

SH2 Domain

Answer 20

Structural module that binds tyrP

Question 21

Activities

Answer 21

Any abilities that a protein has can be referred to as an activity

Question 22

Polypeptide

Answer 22

The immediate product of amino acid polymerization

Question 23

Protein

Answer 23

A polypeptide that has been folded into a functional three-dimensional structure

Question 24

Multiprotein Complexes

Answer 24

Assembled complexes made of more than one macromolecule

Question 25

Electrophoresis

Answer 25

Using an electric field to separate charged molecules

Question 26

Plasmids

Answer 26

Small, circular DNA molecules that can autonomously replicate in bacteria

Question 27

Polysaccharides

Answer 27

Long chain polymers of sugars and sugar derivatives that are not informational molecules

Question 28

Microvilli

Answer 28

Fingerlike projections that increase the surface area

Question 29

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Answer 29

Propellers are used to move cytoplasmic contents and aid in diffusing nutrients