Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are proteins?
Non-branching polymers
Size of proteins?
50-100 A
What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids
What type of bond links amino acids together?
Peptide bond
How many different amino acids are there?
20
Ways in which protein structure can be determined:
Protein crystallography, electron cryo-microscopy, NMR spectroscopy
Ways to depict chemical structure:
Skeletal, ball and stick, space filling
What is the cell signalling hormone and what does it do?
Insulin - regulatory hormone, signals to take up glucose after a meal, secreted by pancreas
What does trypsin do?
Digestion of proteins in diet
What does HIV protease do?
Read genome, make RNA, make protein, chips long proteins in specific areas, essential for HIV replication
What does amylase do?
Digestion of carbohydrates, secreted by pancreas
What does alcohol dehydrogenase do?
Ethanol/alcohol metabolism/breakdown, catalyse biochemical reactions
What does hexokinase do?
Metabolism of glucose, adds phosphate to to glucose with 6 carbons
What does hemoglobin do?
Binds oxygen in lungs and carries it in blood tissue to use for metabolism, live in red blood cells
What does ATP synthase do?
ATP synthesis/energy production, converts proton gradient into ADP than into ATP
What is responsible for immune protection?
Antibodies - bind to cellular invaders like bacteria and viruses to help protect body from infection
What is SARS-CoV2 and what does it do?
Spike protein that binds to cell causing infection by biding with ACE2 and being taken into the cell
What is responsible for replication and maintenance?
DNA polymerase - binds one strand of dna and adds complementary strand to it.
RNA polymerase - creates a single strand of rna that is complementary to one of the strands of duplex dna.
