Lecture 3

Question 1

Opportunity: disposable income

Answer 1

85% of the equine activities is leisure
So when disposable income goes up, there is
money for leisure activities > equine activities go up

Question 2

Threat: time

Answer 2

Time -> available time next to work
competition with other “leisure-activities” like sport / health
related

Question 3

Threat: Money and exhange rates

Answer 3

Prices are increasing, exhange rates can be harmful

Question 4

Threat: legislation

Answer 4

Different levels (EU, country, local)
• Transport legislation
• Waste management
• Governments stimulating (local) developments
• tourism
• Tax rate (on services, horses, etc.) / VAT
• Insurance
• Etc…..

Question 5

Opportunities for equine business

Answer 5

in 2018
1. Economic growth in regions like China, Middle East, etc.
2. Sustainable entrepreneurship (green = hot)
3. Clever ways of financing a business (crowd funding, ventures, leasing, ..)
4. Meeting customer needs real-time (using digital platforms)
in 2017
5. Aging (2020: 45% of European population older than 45)
6. Urbanization
in 2016
7. New sport offer (TREC, natural horsemanship, yoga with horses, …)
8. Sport offers special for specific target groups
9. Extra services (child care, saddle-service, …)

Question 6

Identification and registration

Answer 6

EU-rule one horse, one passport

• single lifetime ID document (passport, smart-card)
• electronic transponder to connect ID-document with horse
• Implementation. EU agreement april 2008.
• compulsory micro-chipping of foals born after July 1, 2009.
• requirement is not retroactive for older horses

Question 7

Sport-federations and identification

Answer 7

Federation Equestre International (FEI). Lausanne, Switzerland
FEI number: NED07186
United States Equestrian Federation (USEF). Lexington, Kentucky
USEF number: 4679847

Question 8

UELN - Unique equine life number

Answer 8

3 digits: country code
3 digits: database code
9 digits: horse number
UELN:- goal: UELN to be used by all equine organizations
- issued by a working group; no (EU) rules or obligations
- implementation differs per country/organization

Question 9

More threats

Answer 9

• Image of our sport in society
• Attractiveness for spectators
• Safety
• Health

Question 10

African horse sickness (AHS)

Answer 10

different forms incl. pulmonary (e.g. frothy fluid,
respiratory failure) and cardiac forms (e.g. oedema of the
head)
- No import from affected areas
- Obligation of vaccination around affected area
(preventive vaccination not allowed)

Question 11

West nile virus WNV

Answer 11

Virus disease that causes neurological disease in humans and horses
(brain and spinal chord affected/inflammations)
• Transmitted by mosquitoes
• infections mostly end summer
• Primary hosts are birds, horses and humans are dead end hosts (do not amplify the virus)
• 30% of horses with clinical signs die, 70% recovers
Clinical signs: Symptoms mostly subclinical.
10% of infected horses clinical signs like: fever,
muscle twitches, ataxia, paralysis
Vaccination possible, national pro active measurements

Question 12

Equine infectious anemia EIA

Answer 12

Virus that causes blood clotting abnormalities and anaemia.
• Transferred by
blood-feeding horse biting mosquitoes
infected horses through: blood, milk or semen
• Infected horses are always carriers
Clinical signs cyclic fever (every 3-5 days), low red blood cell count, bad appetite, lethargy,
weight loss
No treatment possible
Prevention Blood testing (Coggins test) for detection
euthanase affected horses (or quarantine)
Export of horses is affected !

Question 13

Ragwort

Answer 13

Fresh plant is of bitter taste
• Dried plant is not detected by
horses
• Poison: pyrolizidin-alkaloid
– Accumulates in liver → lethal damage
to liver cells
– Prevention: Pick ragwort and burn it.
Check hay for dried plants
– Do NOT put it on the muck pile!