Lecture 3

Question 1

NUTRIENTS

Answer 1

Substances animals are capable to use

Question 2

Macronutrients

Answer 2

Nutritional components of the feed/diet that are required in relatively large amounts (i.e.: proteins, starch, lipids…)

Question 3

Micronutrients

Answer 3

Substance that is absorbed and provides energy or constituents necessary for the growth and functions of the organism (i.e. amino acids, glucose, fatty acids…)

Question 4

The 3 nutrient functions

Answer 4

Plastic or structural function, energetic function, regulatory and dietetic function

Question 5

Essential nutrient

Answer 5

Cannot be produced in the body, so must be present in the diet. Varies with age and species.

Question 6

LIMITING NUTRIENTS

Answer 6

The nutrient which is in shortest supply, and has the most serious detrimental effect on animal’s health. LIEBIG’S BARREL.

Question 7

Dry matter (DM) formula

Answer 7

Food – Humidity (100-humidity %)

Question 8

Organic matter (OM)

Answer 8

DM - ash

100% - humidity - Ash

Question 9

Ash (inorganic matter)

Answer 9

contains macro and micro minerals, but it is not a source of energy

Question 10

Humidity

Answer 10

Water content, all the feed that is not dry matter. Remember that water is considered a nutrient.

Question 11

Water functions

Answer 11

Solvent, Hydrolysis, Body temperature regulation, provides shape and resilience to the cells.

Question 12

Why does water content in the body decrease with age?

Answer 12

Lean body mass is composed by: 70-80% water and 20-25% proteins.
Adipose tissue is composed by: 10-15% water and 75-80% fat

Question 13

Why does urinary water loss decrease with age?

Answer 13

1. Because animals consume less food per unit of body weight.
2. Less surface area per unit of body weight, so less evaporation.

Question 14

The 3 water sources

Answer 14

Drinking
From feed
Metabolic