Lecture 29 Lipid Disorders

Question 1

What is the first line treatment of high cholesterol?

Answer 1

Statins, they prevent the production of cholesterol in the liver

Question 2

What is familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 2

It is the inherited disease where there is high levels of cholesterol in the blood.

This is due to faulty LDL receptors

Question 3

At what age do people with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia develop heart problems eg MI?

Answer 3

Primary school, due to severe atherosclerosis

More severe than heterozygous

Question 4

How does liver disease cause hyperlipidaemia

Answer 4

↓ function of hepatocytes

↓ use of cholesterol

↑ blood cholesterol

Question 5

How does the under active thyroid cause hypercholesterolemia

Answer 5

Thyroid hormone (T3 and 4) usually excretes cholesterol in the bile.

Without this, there will be ↑ cholesterol in blood

Question 6

How does diabetes cause hyperlipidaemia

Answer 6

Insulin prevents glyconeogenesis

Glyconeogenesis occurs in diabetics without insulin.

This leads to increased lipid in the blood

Question 7

How does Cushing’s syndrome cause hyperlipidaemia (cortisol)

Answer 7

↑ cortisol = ↑ glyconeogenesis

↑ lipids in the blood

Question 8

How does hypothyroidism cause hyperlipidaemia (bile)

Answer 8

↓ in thyroid function leads to ↓ in T3 hormone

Thyroid hormone excretes cholesterol in the bile

Hypothyroidism = ↑ cholesterol in blood

Question 9

How does blockage of the bile ducts cause hyperlipidaemia

Answer 9

↓ bile flow = ↓ excretion of cholesterol= ↑ blood cholesterol

Question 10

How does chronic renal failure cause hyperlipidemia (albumin loss and liver)

Answer 10

↓ GFR = ↑ proteinurea (albumin) = ↓ albumin in blood

Causes an ↑ in cholesterol production in liver