Lecture 20 Hypertension Classification

Question 1

Main cause of hypertension

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries)

Question 2

What can atherosclerosis lead to?

Answer 2

Stroke/MI

Peripheral vascular diseases

Aneurysm

Dementia

Question 3

How is smoking and diabetes risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Both damage the endothelium

leading to inflammation and WBC becoming stuck narrowing vessel

Question 4

Why is dyslipidemia a major cause of atherosclerosis

Answer 4

LDL cholesterol is taken up into the vascular walls of the endothelium, by scavenger cells

↓ blood cell lumen

Question 5

How does hypertension cause heart failure (not ischaemic) size

Answer 5

High BP over time leads to ↑ heart size, leading to the heart becoming less efficient = ↓ pumping ability = ↓ perfusion

Question 6

How does hypertension cause CKD

Answer 6

High bP leads to damage to the glomeruli, ↓ GFR, ↓ renal function

Question 7

Symptoms of hypertension

Answer 7

NONE don’t be stupid

Question 8

What effect does hypertension have on the eye?

Answer 8

It causes retinopathies due to damage to blood vessels in the eye

Question 9

How does hypertension effect the kidneys s

Answer 9

It causes damage to the glomerulous

Leads to proteinurea

Evidence of decline in GFR and renal function

Question 10

How does phaeochromocytoma cause hypertension

Answer 10

Tumour of the adrenal gland causing ↑ levels of catecholamines

Leads to ↑ CO and ↑ BP

Question 11

How does renal artery stenosis cause hypertension

Answer 11

↓ perfusion of the glomerulous

= release of renin from juxtoglmoerular cells

RAAS System causing ↑ blood pressure

Question 12

How does hyperaldosteronism cause ↑ BP

Answer 12

Aldosterone retains sodium and water from the DCT and collecting ducts of the nephron

This ↑ blood volume

↑ blood pressure

Question 13

What is Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 13

This is the ↑ production of glucocorticoid cortisol, leads to hypertension, weight gain, moon face and stretch marks