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Anatomy - Viscera - Test 2 > Lecture 29: Larynx & Phonation > Flashcards

Lecture 29: Larynx & Phonation Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the larynx begin and end?

A

Starts at top of epiglottis and continues to lower border of cricoid cartilage (C6)

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2
Q

What are the components of the laryngeal skeleton?

A

Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone, epiglottic cartilage, arytenoid cartilage

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3
Q

What is the anterior angle that sticks out from the thyroid cartilage?

A

Adams apple

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4
Q

Where is the thyroid deficient?

A

Posteriorly - inlet for larynx

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5
Q

What are the features of the structure of the thyroid cartilage?

A

2 lamina on either side and horns posteriorly

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6
Q

What do the posterior horns of the thyroid cartilage articulate with?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What is unique about the cricoid cartilage?

A

Forms a full ring encircling the larynx

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8
Q

What are the structural features of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Short anterior arch and tall posterior lamina, arytenoid cartilage on each side

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9
Q

What are the features of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Two small bumps - cuneiform and cuniculate

Muscular process and vocal process for attachments

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10
Q

How does movement of the arytenoid cartilage affect the vocal ligaments?

A

Cartilage can move and so when attachments contract it is moved and changes the position of the vocal ligaments.

eg. muscle contracts, pulls arytenoid outwards, vocal process moves inwards and connects ligaments

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11
Q

What is the cricothyroid cartilage important for?

A

Management of emergency airways

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12
Q

What does the epiglottic cartilage have an attachment to?

A

Angle of thyroid cartilage posteriorly

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13
Q

Where are the vocal ligaments attached?

A

Angle of thyroid to arytenoid

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14
Q

What is the quadrangular membrane and what are its thickenings?

A

Membrane over arytenoid cartilage to epiglottic cartilage.

Inferior free edge thickening - vestibular ligament

Superior free edge thickening - aryepiglottic ligament

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15
Q

What is the vestibular sinus?

A

Space between thyroid cartilage (lamina) and the vocal ligaments

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16
Q

What is the ventricle?

A

The space between the folds of mucosa over the cartilages

17
Q

What are the true vocal cords?

A

Folds that when adducted produce sound

18
Q

What are the false vocal cords?

A

Formed by vestibular folds, don’t produce sounds by form a protective barrier for the underlying vocal cords in case something is aspirated

19
Q

When are the false vocal cords used?

A

In cats - used to make purring sound

20
Q

What happens if something lodges in the ventricle?

A

Pushes on vocal ligaments - interferes with phonation and causes coughing

21
Q

What folds have high/low vascularity?

A

Vocal folds have low vascularity and vestibular folds have high vascularity

22
Q

What is the rima glottis?

A

Space where communication occurs - between vocal ligaments

23
Q

What is the action of posterior cricoarytenoid?

A

Abducts vocal cords - critical for breathing

24
Q

What is the role of transverse and oblique arytenoids?

A

Close rima glottis - help arytenoid cartilage slide together - phonation

25
Q

What is the role of cricothyroid?

A

Lengthen vocal cord - produce high pitch sound

26
Q

What is the role of lateral cricoarytenoid?

A

Adducts vocal fold - phonation

27
Q

What is the role of vocals and thyroarytenoid?

A

Relaxes vocal fold - low pitch sound

28
Q

What nerve supplies the larynx?

A

Vagus

29
Q

What nerve branches does the vagus give off and what do they supply?

A

Superior laryngeal

  • external laryngeal for cricothyroid
  • internal laryngeal for sensory to mucosa

Recurrent laryngeal
- inferior laryngeal for intrinsic muscles

30
Q

What is the blood supply for the larynx?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid vessels - giving off smaller laryngeal branches

31
Q

What is stridor?

A

Extreme effort needed for phonation - ligament not working properly - need lots of effort to pass enough air through to generate vibration

32
Q

What should be considered in emergency airways procedures?

A

Cricothyroid membrane puncture over tracheotomy - avoid all of the vessels associated with the trachea

33
Q

What can intubation be made easier?

A

Hyperextend head and use hooked tube

Anatomy - Viscera - Test 2 (19 decks)

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