Lecture 18: Pelvic Viscera 2 Flashcards
When are the genitals formed?
Week 6
What drags the ovaries to their spot in the pelvis?
Gubernaculum/rudder
What does the gubernaculum become?
Round ligament
What is the normal position of the ovaries?
Lateral wall of pelvis in ovarian fossa between external and internal iliac vessels on obturator nerve
What is an imperfect descent of the ovaries?
Descent arrested or descend too far
What happens if the ovary is diseased?
Due to position on obturator nerve, pain in medial thigh above knee with no associated somatic disease
What holds ovaries in position?
Periotoneal folds- ligaments
How is ovary attached to broad ligament?
Mesovarium
How is ovary attached to side of uterus?
Ovarian ligament
How is ovary attached to lateral pelvic wall?
Suspensory ligament
What are the parts of the uterine tubes?
Itramural, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae
Where does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla
How does the ovum move into the tubes?
Released from the ovary, guided by ciliary action into the fimbriae
What is the shape of the uterus?
Pear shaped
What are the size changes of the uterus in pregnancy?
During pregnancy size increases (especially endometrial layer) and is at suprapubic level at 3 months, iliac crests at 6 months and xiphisternum at 8 months – puts pressure on viscera, especially bladder
What is the most extreme position of the uterus?
Retroflexed, retroverted
What is the primary support of the uterus?
Levator ani below - takes additional support from ligaments
Where is the uterus best supported?
Cervix
Where is the vagina located?
Upper part above pelvic floor and lower part in perineum
What are the fornices?
Spaces between cervix and vagina
What happens in a backyard abortion?
Passage of instruments intending to pass into body of uterus often passed directly via posterior fornix into peritoneal cavity – as a result might have died due to peritonitis
What stabilises the vagina?
Urethrovaginal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, pubovaginalis
What is elephantiasis?
Testes is grossly enlarged as a result of infestation by a parasitic worm, prevents lymphatic drainage
Where is sperm stored?
Epididymis
What is the pathway of sperm?
Epididymis - head, body and tail to vas deferens via peristalsis
What encases the testes?
Fibrous tissue - tunica albuginea (white coat) and outer serous membrane - tunica vaginalis
Which testes is lower?
Left
What is cryptorchidism?
Undescended testes - not reaching scrotum
Where does vas deferens pass?
Posterior of bladder - meets seminal vesicle and forms ejaculatory duct
What sits in front of the prostate?
Bladder
What is the seminal colliculous?
Elevation in posterior prostatic wall where ejaculatory duct opens into urethra
What is the prostatic sinus?
Opening just above seminal colliculus where semen enters urethra
What do the bulbourethral glands to?
Secrete mucous into urethra
What is characteristic of the median lobe of the prostate?
Tends to enlarge after 40 and projects above external opening of bladder and obstructs it
What is the function of the fascial layer of the rectovesical septum?
Prevents spread of cancer cells to rectum
What is produced in the lateral lobes of the prostate?
Prostatic secretions
Where is the transition zone of the prostate?
Around prostatic urethra
What happens at the peripheral zone of the prostate?
Ducts originate
What does cancer of the prostate occur?
Peripheral zone
Where does hypertrophy of the prostate occur?
Transition zone
What is the penis made up of?
Cavernous tissue - consists of spaces within parts of the penis
What is the root of the penis?
Bulb
Where is the corpus spongiosum?
Around penile urethra
What is the termination of the penis?
Glans
What is the navicular fossa?
Dilatation close to termination of the urethra
What is the prepuce?
Part of the penis in non-circumcised - susceptible to AIDS
What maintains erection?
Fascia surrounding individual components - deep penile and dartos
