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GI Week 3 > Lecture 27: Gross Anatomy of the Paraalimentary Tract > Flashcards

Lecture 27: Gross Anatomy of the Paraalimentary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the para-alimentary structures?

A
  1. Salivary Glands
  2. Liver
  3. Pancreas
  4. Appendix
  5. Spleen
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2
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A
  1. PAR-otid gland
  2. Submandibular
  3. Sublingual
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3
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

CN IX

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4
Q

What cranial nerve looks like it innervates the parotid but actually doesn’t?

A 
CN 5
5 branches
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
Two
Zebras
Bit
My
Cookie
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5
Q

Where does the liver develop?

A

In the ventral mesentery

Rotates horizontally to the right

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6
Q

What does the ventral pancreatic bud form?

A

The head of the pancreas

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7
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Remnant of the ventral mesentery from embryology

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8
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A 
Gate of the liver
Triad of structures
2 hepatic ducts (common bile duct)
Hepatic artery
Portal vein
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9
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the liver?

A
  1. right lobe
  2. left lobe
  3. caudate lobe (superior)
  4. quadrate lobe (inferior)
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10
Q

What are the 8 hepatic segments?

A

Segment I = caudate lobe
Segment II and III = left lobe
Segment IV = quadrate lobe
Segment V –VIII = right lobe

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11
Q

What is the anatomic border of the liver?

A

Separates left lobe from caudate and quadrate lobe

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12
Q

What is the functional border?

A

Separates right lobe from caudate and quadrate lobe

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13
Q

What is the significance of the 8 resectable hepatic segments?

A

Each segment have their own arterial supply and biliary drainage

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14
Q

What are the two blood supplies of the liver?

A
  1. hepatic artery 25%

2. Portal vein 75%

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15
Q

Where did the ventral pancreatic bud come from?

A

It was part of the BILIARY apparatus

That’s why the head of the pancreas is attached to the common bile duct via the ampulla ov Vater

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16
Q

What is the significance of the cystic duct being spiral structure?

A

Also called the spiral duct of Heister

So that the bile doesn’t all get released at once

17
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gall bladder?

A

Cystic artery

Comes from the right hepatic artery

18
Q

What is the cystohepatic triangle of Calot?

A

A space in which
Superiorly you have the cystic artery
And on the other two sides of the triangle, you have the cystic duct and the hepatic duct lol

19
Q

What are the parts of the gall bladder?

A
  1. Fundus (the most distal part, distal from liver)
  2. Body (the part in the middle)
  3. Neck (the part closest to the cystic duct)
  4. Infundibulum (Hartmann’s pouch, space next to the Neck of gall bladder and where a stone can lodge)
20
Q

What is the blood supply of the head of the pancreas?

A

Also shared by foregut and midgut duodenum

  1. anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (from the gastroduodenal artery)
  2. andterior and posterior Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from dorsal pancreatic artery??
21
Q

What supplies the body and tail of the pancreas?

A

Branches of the splenic artery

22
Q

What gets caught between the two pancreatic buds? Clinical correlate?

A
  1. superior mesenteric artery
  2. hepatic portal vein
    Individuals that get pancreatic cancer at the head will obstruct the superior mesenteric artery, hepatic portal vein and biliary outflow (from the common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater)
23
Q

What is the accessory duct of santorini?

A

The duct that drains the dorsal part of the pancreas separately from the ventral pancreas

24
Q

Where is the portal vein draining into?

A

The sinusoids of the liver

25
Q

What vein drains the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein for the HINDGUT

Drains into splenic vein

26
Q

How does the portal vein form?

A

By definition, it is the connection of splenic and superior mesenteric vein

27
Q

Where does the left gastric vein drain into?

A

Drains into the portal vein (after splenic and superior mesenteric vein have come together)

28
Q

What is the significance of portal hypertension?

A

Retrograde flow
Blood is forced to gut, butt and caput
Try to pass to IVC tributaries to bypass livers

29
Q

Where are the most common sites of portocaval anastomoses?

A
  1. wall of rectum/anal canal
  2. esophagus
  3. umbilicus
    This will be seen as tortuous varices
30
Q

What are the symptoms of portal hypertension (from cirrhosis and hepatitis)?

A
  1. esophageal varices
  2. caput medusa
  3. hemorrhoids
  4. splenomegaly
31
Q

What is caput medusa?

A

Appearance of distended and engorged paraumbilical veins which are seen radiating from umbilicus

32
Q

What traverses mesoappendix mesentery?

A

The ileocolic a.

Primary blood supply to the appendix

33
Q

Where is appendix mostly located?

A

Retrocecal (or behind the cecum)

GI Week 3 (11 decks)

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