Lecture 25: Dilemmas in Pediatric Nutrition Flashcards
What is PTA?
Post-traumatic amnesia
What is DRI?
Dietary recommended intake
What are the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency?
- Decreased PO/4 lb weights loss
- Back/Limb pain and decreased weight bearing
- Erythema gingiva/buccal ulcers/hard palate lesion
- petechiae wrists/bruises and nodules
- Brittle nails
- Eczema flare
- Constipation
- Microcytic anemia
- Increased CRP
- MRI with hip dislocation and misaligned bones
What is the pathophysiology of disease in vitamin C deficiency disease?
- Best established role of Vit. C = cofactor for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in formation of collagen
- Vit C protects against free radical damage by donating electrons
- high levels in neutrophils protect against intracellular oxidative damage
- increases iron absorption through reducing Fe3+
What is the pathogenesis of scurvy?
Deficiency of Vitamin C = loss of these functions
Defective collagen synthesis leads to defective teeth formation, hemorrhaging into gums and loss of teeth
Hemorrhage in organs, especially hair follicles
Bone changes at the end of the diaphysis and growth cartilage
What is Ascorbic Acid?
Vitamin C
VERY LIGHT SENSITIVE
What are the signs and symptoms of scurvy?
Weakened tissue matrix production = fragile capillaries, bone abnormal/impaired ossification and poor wound healing
Children = pain, limp, extremity weakness
Adults = scurvy presents with bruising, gum changes and joint swelling
What happens in the last trimester?
Baby’s brain doubles, lung formation
What is Tri-vi-sol?
Infant vitamin containing Vitamins A, C and D
What is a synonym for vitamin D deficiency?
Rickets in children
Osteomalacia in adults
What are the characteristics of vitamin D deficiency?
- Prohormone needed for normal absorption of calcium from the GI tract
- Def: rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
What is rickets?
Vitamin D deficiency
Results in abnormal abnormal organization of cartilaginous growth plate and the accompanying impairment of cartilage mineralization
Failure of mineralization and defect in growth plate development
What is osteomalacia?
Softening of mature bone
What are the signs and symptoms of rickets?
Hypotonia and muscle weakness Tetany and seizures Bone pain Decreased linear growth Respiratory failure Bowlegged, widening of metaphyses, rachitic rosary
How do you diagnose rickets?
Bowlegged
Low level of 25 OH vitamin D (which is a breakdown value of 1,25 OH vitamin D or calcitriol??)
