lecture 27 Flashcards
attack
process of bringing vocal folds together to begin phonation, requires muscular action
simultaneous vocal attack
coordinate adduction & onset of respiration so that they occur simultaneously
breathy vocal attack
starting significant airflow before adducting the vocal folds
glottal attack
adduction of vocal folds occurs prior to the airflow like cough
hard glottal attack
an attack is misused - too much force - causes damage to vocal folds
termination
when phonation stops, vocal folds abduct
we pull vocal folds out of airstream far enough to reduce the turbulence using muscular action - the vocal folds stop vibrating
occurs many times during running speech
adduction
constant in all types of phonation and attack
arytenoid cartilages move in 3 dimensions - rotating, rocking, gliding
primary movement for adduction- inward rocking
combined forces of cricothyroid & lateral cricoarytenoid cause entire glottis to lengthen
sustained phonation
vocal attack and termination requires muscular action
requires maintenance of a laryngeal posture through sustaine contraction of musculature
vocal folds are held in place - is not product of repeated adduction & abduction - muscle spindles embedded within thyrovocalis & thyromuscularis serve the function in holding .sustained posture
mode of vibration
pattern of activity that the vocal folds undergo during a cycle of vibration
3 vocal registers are differences in what
mode of vibration of vocal folds
3 registers
modal register, glottal fry or pulse register, falsetto
modal register
pattern in phonation used in daily conversation
most efficient pattern of vibration
least amount of strain on vocal folds
related habitual pitch
glottal fry
- crackly quality of voice
- low in pitch, rough sound
- low subglottal pressure
- lateral portion of vocal folds is tensed - strong medial compression w short, thick vocal folds
- syncopated mode of vibration - a secondary beat for every cycle - vocal folds don’t just vibrate slower but differently
falsetto
- vocal folds lengthen and become thing and reed like
- vibrate along tensed, bowed margins
- make contact only briefly and degree of movement is reduced
- thin, high-pitched voice
breathy phonation
- breathy voice
- vocal folds are inadequately approximated
- inefficient and causes air wastage
- may signal the presence of vocal nodules, polyps, or laryngeal cancer
whispering
- no vibration of vocal folds
- vocal folds are partially adducted and tensed to develop turbulence in airstream
- turbulence is noise used to make speech
- arytenoid cartilages are rotated slightly in but are separated posteriorly
- no voicing, strenuos and can cause vocal fatigue
intensity
- relative power or pressure of an acoustic signal, measured in dB
- amount of pressure exerted by waves
ventricular phonation
- false vocal folds are technically unable to vibrate for voice
- clients may use ventricular phonation as adaptive response to severe vocal fold dysfunction
- forces lateral superior walls close together
- phonation is deep, raspy
pitch
- psychological correlate of frequency
- as frequency increases, pitch increases
- frequency of vibration changes when mass and elastic elements change
optimal pitch
- vocal fold vibration that is most appropriate for individual
- most efficient for a pair of vocal folds
- can be estimated from a throat clearing or huhummmm
- varies from gender and age
- females 212 Hz males 132 Hz
habitual pitch
- frequency of vibration that is habitually used during speech
- ideally - same as optimal pitch
- choice to use abnormally higher or lower fundamental frequency is often not conscious decision
- when forcing vocal folds to extremes of their range of ability - greater effort and physical fatigue
when phonation stops,
vocal folds abduct
how do you reduce the turbulence
pull vocal folds out of airstream far enough
to either bring vocal folds together to vibrate or stop vocal folds from vibrating, what is required
muscular action
