lecture 25

Question 1

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 1

° origin & insertion on laryngeal cartilages
- Fine adjustments to the vocal mechanism
- opening, closing, tensing,lengthening, relaxing the vocal folds
-opening and closing is achieved by the coordinated effort of many of the intrinsic muscles of larynx
- changing pitch is reflected by change in mass or tension

Question 2

Changing pitch is reflected by what

Answer 2

Change in mass or tension of intmusic laryngeal muscles

Question 3

What are the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 3

Lateral cricoarytenoïd muscle, transverse arytenoid muscle, oblique arytenoid muscle, posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, cricothyroid muscle, plus recta, pars oblique

Question 4

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle attaches to what

Answer 4

Cricoid and muscular process of arytenoid

Question 5

Lateral cricoavytenoid muscle does what

Answer 5

Rocks arytenoid inward and downward

Question 6

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle does what to vocal folds

Answer 6

adduction and lengthening

Question 7

Lateral cricoarytenoid innervated by what

Answer 7

10 vagus nerve

Question 8

transverse arytenoid muscle is where

Answer 8

runs between the two arytenoid cartilages on posterior surface

Question 9

transverse arytenoid muscle does what

Answer 9

• pulls two arytenoids closer together
• approximates vocal folds
• increased medial compression which is increased force of adduction
• vital element in vocal intensity change

Question 10

which is a vital element in vocal intensity change

Answer 10

transverse arytenoid muscle

Question 11

transverse arytenoid muscle is innervated by what

Answer 11

recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus

Question 12

which pulls two arytenoids closer together

Answer 12

transverse arytenoid muscle

Question 13

oblique arytenoid muscles originate where

Answer 13

originate at posterior base of muscular process and course obliquely up to apex of opposite arytenoid

Question 14

what do oblique arytenoid muscles do

Answer 14

• pull apex medially
• promotes adduction
• enforces medial compression
• rocks arytenoid and vocal folds down and in
• aids in pulling the epiglottis to cover opening to larynx

Question 15

oblique arytenoid muscles innervated by what

Answer 15

recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus

Question 16

oblique arytenoid muscles: paired? what shape?

Answer 16

paired; form x

Question 17

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle originates and inserts where

Answer 17

originates from posterior cricoid lamina & projects up to insert into the posterior aspect of the muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

Question 18

what does posterior cricoarytenoid muscle do

Answer 18

• sole abductor of vocal folds
• pulls muscular process posteriorly
• rocks arytenoid cartilage
• abducts vocal folds

Question 19

cricothyroid muscle is composed of what

Answer 19

two heads: pars recta, pars oblique

Question 20

pars recta originates where

Answer 20

originates on anterior surface of cricoid cartilage and courses up to lower surface of thyroid lamina

Question 21

pars oblique arises from where

Answer 21

arises from lateral cricoid cartilage to point of juncture between the thyroid laminae and inferior horns

Question 22

what do pars recta and pars oblique of cricothyroid muscle do

Answer 22

• both tense the vocal folds
• together they are the major contributors for pitch change

Question 23

what is cricothyroid innervated by

Answer 23

superior laryngeal nerve of vagus

Question 24

what does pars recta do

Answer 24

• rocks thyroid cartilage downward
• brings thyroid and cricoid closer together in front
• makes posterior cricoid more distant from thyroid
• vocal folds are stretched

Question 25

what does pars oblique do

Answer 25

- thyroid slides forward - tense the vocal folds

Question 26

extrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 26

muscles w one attachment to a laryngeal cartilage

Question 27

laryngeal elevators

Answer 27

muscles that elevate hyoid and larynx (extrinsic)

Question 28

laryngeal depressors

Answer 28

muscles that depress the hyoid and larynx (extrinsic)

Question 29

what are the laryngeal elevators

Answer 29

digastrics, stylohyoid muscle, mylohyoid muscle, geniohyoid, hyoglossus, genioglossus, thyropharyngeus

Question 30

anterior belly of digastrics originates and inserts where

Answer 30

origiinates on inner surface of mandible near point of fusion and inserts into hyoid

Question 31

anterior belly of digastrics does what

Answer 31

hyoid draws up and forward or depresses mandible

Question 32

anterior belly of digastrics innervated by what

Answer 32

trigeminal

Question 33

posterior belly of digastrics origin and insertion

Answer 33

originates on mastoid process of temporal bone & inserts into hyoid at juncture of hyoid corpus and greater cornu

Question 34

posterior belly of digastrics does what

Answer 34

hyoid draws up and back

Question 35

posterior belly of digastrics innervation

Answer 35

facial

Question 36

stylohyoid muscle originates and inserts where

Answer 36

originates on styloid process of temporal bone & courses down inserting into corpus of hyoid

Question 37

stylohyoid function

Answer 37

elevates and retracts hyoid bone

Question 38

stylohyoid innervation

Answer 38

facial

Question 39

mylohyoid origin

Answer 39

originates on underside of mandible & courses to corpus hyoid

Question 40

mylohyoid does what

Answer 40

fanlike muscle that forms floor of oral cavity elevates hyoid and projects it forward or depresses mandible

Question 41

mylohyoid innervation

Answer 41

trigeminal

Question 42

geniohyoid position

Answer 42

superior to mylohyoid

Question 43

geniohyoid projects how

Answer 43

projects in course parallel to anterior belly of digastrics from inner mandibular surface down to hyoid bone eat corpus

Question 44

geniohyoid does what

Answer 44

elevates hyoid and draws it forward or depress mandible

Question 45

geniohyoid innervation

Answer 45

hypoglossal nerve arising from first cervical spinal nerve

Question 46

hyoglossus muscle placed

Answer 46

laterally

Question 47

hyoglossus origin and insertion

Answer 47

originates from superior surface of greater cornu of hyoid and inserts into side of tongue

Question 48

hyoglossus innervation

Answer 48

hypoglossal

Question 49

hyoglossus does what

Answer 49

tongue depressor or hyoid elevator

Question 50

genioglossus does what

Answer 50

hyoid elevator and tongue depressor

Question 51

genioglossus origin and insertion

Answer 51

originates on inner surface of mandible and then down and inserts into tongue and anterior surface of hyoid corpus

Question 52

genioglossus innervation

Answer 52

hypoglossal

Question 53

thyropharyngeus muscle is apart of what

Answer 53

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 54

thyropharyngeus origin and insertion

Answer 54

originates from thyroid lamina and courses up and inserts into posterior pharyngeal raphe

Question 55

thyropharyngeus does what

Answer 55

elevates larynx and constricts pharynx

Question 56

thyropharyngeus innervation

Answer 56

RLN of vagus

Question 57

what are laryngeal depressors

Answer 57

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid,

Question 58

sternohyoid is where

Answer 58

runs from sternum to inferior margin of hyoid

Question 59

sternohyoid does what

Answer 59

depresses hyoid and fixes the hyoid and larynx

Question 60

lowering of what is clearly evident following pharyngeal stage in swallowing

Answer 60

sternohyoid

Question 61

omohyoid has what

Answer 61

two bellies

Question 62

omohyoid superior belly

Answer 62

terminates on the side of hyoid corpus

Question 63

omohyoid inferior belly

Answer 63

has its origin on the upper border of the scapula

Question 64

omohyoid passes where

Answer 64

deep to sternocleidomastoid

Question 65

omohyoid does what

Answer 65

depresses hyoid bone and larynx

Question 66

sternothyroid does what

Answer 66

depresses thyroid cartilage

Question 67

sternothyroid origin and insertion

Answer 67

originates from sternum and first costal cartilage and inserts into oblique line of thyroid cartilage

Question 68

sternothyroid innervation

Answer 68

hypoglossal

Question 69

thyrohyoid does what

Answer 69

depresses hyoid or raises larynx

Question 70

thyrohyoid origin and insertion

Answer 70

originates from thyroid cartilage and inserts into inferior margin of greater cornu of hyoid bone

Question 71

thyrohyoid innervation

Answer 71

hypoglossal