Lecture 26 - Population Genetics and Evolutionary Genetics

Question 1

What is population genetics?

L26 S3

Answer 1

Study of the distribution and change in frequency of alleles within populations

Question 2

What is evolution?

L26 S3

Answer 2

Change in gene frequency over a period of time

Question 3

What is a population?

L26 S6

Answer 3

A group of interbreeding sexually reproducing individuals sharing a common set of genes

Question 4

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Law?

L26 S8

Answer 4

Allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences

p^2+2pq+q^2

p = number of copies of dominant allele (homozygous counts as 2) divided by 2
q = number of copies of recessive allele divided by 2

p + q = 1

Question 6

Differentiate identical by descent and identical by state.

L26 S19

Answer 6

Identical by descent:

• alleles descended from common ancestor
• inbreeding

Identical by state:
-alleles that are the same in structure and function but are not descended from the same copy in an ancestor

Question 7

What it’s inbreeding depression?

L26 S21

Answer 7

Increased appearance of lethal and deleterious rates with inbreeding

Question 8

What is outcrossing?

L26 S21

Answer 8

Avoidance of mating between related individuals

Question 9

What are the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Law?

L26 S9

Answer 9

• large population
• random mating
• no mutations
• no migration
• no natural selection