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Biochem - Exam 3 > LECTURE 25 - UTILIZATION OF AMINO ACIDS > Flashcards

LECTURE 25 - UTILIZATION OF AMINO ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the corresponding amino acids for the important intermediates in glycolysis and the TCA cycle

A

Alanine → pyruvate
Aspartate → oxaloacetate
Glutamate → alpha-ketoglutarate

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2
Q

What is the Alanine transamination reaction product?

A

pyruvate

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3
Q

What is the Aspartate transamination reaction product?

A

oxaloacetate

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4
Q

What is the Glutamate transamination reaction product?

A

alpha-ketoglutarate

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5
Q

Identify the most abundant circulating amino acid

A

GLUTAMINE !!!

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6
Q

Identify the amino acid precursors for amino-acid-derived metabolite γ-aminobutyrate (GABA)

A

Glutamate

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7
Q

Identify the amino acid precursors for amino-acid-derived metabolites dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

A

Tyrosine

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8
Q

Identify the amino acid precursors for amino-acid-derived metabolites serotonin and melatonin

A

Tryptophan

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9
Q

Identify the amino acid precursors for amino-acid-derived metabolite histamine

A

Histidine

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10
Q

Identify the amino acid precursors for amino-acid-derived metabolite oxalate

A

Glycine

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11
Q

What neurotransmitter is produced from Glutamate?

A

γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA)

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12
Q

What neurotransmitter is produced from Tyrosine?

A

Dopamine

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13
Q

What neurotransmitter is produced from Tryptophan?

A

Serotonin → Melatonin

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter is produced from Histidine?

A

Histamine

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15
Q

Arrange the intermediates for epinephrine synthesis from tyrosine according to the order

A

Tyrosine → L-DOPA → Dopamine → Norepinephrine → Epinephrine

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16
Q

Explain how kidney stones are produced in human body

A

Excessive production of oxalate (hyperoxaluria) forms the insoluble calcium oxalate salt, which may lead to kidney stones

17
Q

Describe the differences in the metabolism of glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids

A
  • Ketogenic amino acids can be used for fatty acid synthesis or ketogenesis
  • Glucogenic amino acids can be used for gluconeogenesis
18
Q

Identify the products of the oxidative deamination reaction for a given amino acid

A
  • Amino acid oxidase removes the amine group of an amino acid as ammonia
  • Other product is alpha-keto acid attached to remaining carbon skeleton
19
Q

Explain how ammonia is transported to the liver

A

Because ammonia is toxic, ammonia is transported in nontoxic form as amino acids (glutamine and alanine)
– ammonia + glutamate → glutamine
– pyruvate + ammonia → alanine

Biochem - Exam 3 (9 decks)

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