LECTURE 24 - CHOLESTEROL Flashcards
List the uses of cholesterol in the human body
- Component of animal cell membranes
– Lipid bilayers - Precursor of
– Bile acids
– Many steroid hormones
Identify the commitment step for cholesterol synthesis
HMG-CoA → mevalonate
Catalyzed by HMG-CoA reductase
Suppressed by cholesterol
Target of statins
Describe the solubility of cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and bile acids
MOST SOLUBLE
Bile acids (amphipathic)
Cholesterol
Cholesterol Ester (hydrophobic group added)
LEAST SOLUBLE
Sort lipoproteins based on their size
BIGGEST
Chylomicrons
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL
SMALLEST
Sort lipoproteins based on their density
HIGH DENSITY
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)
Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
Chylomicrons
LOW DENSITY
Identify the components of the core of lipoproteins
Insoluble CORE components -
Triacylglycerol
Cholesterol ester
Identify the components of the shell of lipoproteins
Amphipathic SHELL components -
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Apolipoproteins
List the pathological mechanisms for familial hypercholesterolemia
Mutation in either LDL receptor or apoB100
– Little or no LDL receptor production
– Receptors are synthesized properly, but delivered to an improper location on the membrane
– Receptors have impaired binding affinity to LDL
– Receptors can bind LDL, but cannot be internalized by endocytosis
Describe the role of VLDL in lipid transport
carry triglycerides — and to a lesser degree, cholesterol — to your tissues
Describe the role of LDL in lipid transport
carries cholesterol that accumulates as plaque inside blood vessels
“bad”
Describe the role of IDL in lipid transport
They are created when VLDLs give up their fatty acids& then are either removed by your liver or converted into LDL
Describe the role of HDL in lipid transport
carries cholesterol back to your liver to be flushed out of your body
“good”
Describe the role of chylomicrons in lipid transport
transport triglycerides
