Lecture 25

Question 1

Upper limb as a system is made up of

Answer 1

Shoulder complex

Elbow

Wrist

Hand

Question 2

What is the DOF in the shoulder complex

Answer 2

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/adduction
Internal/external rotation

Question 3

What is the DOF in the elbow

Answer 3

Flexion/extension

Question 4

What is the DOF in the wrist

Answer 4

Flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation

Question 5

What are the functions of upper limbs

Answer 5

Mobility

Dexterity

Object manipulation

Daily life activities

Question 6

Lower limb system is made up of

Answer 6

Hip

Knee

Ankle

Foot

Question 7

What is the DOF in the Hip

Answer 7

Flexion/extension

Abduction/adduction

Internal/external rotation

Question 8

What is the DOF in the Knee

Answer 8

Flexion/extension

Internal/external rotation

Question 9

What is the DOF in the ankle

Answer 9

Plantar flexion/Dorsi flexion

Eversion/inversion

Medial/lateral rotation

Question 10

What are the lower limb functions

Answer 10

Load carriage

Stability

Locomotion

Question 11

Upper vs lower limb risk if something goes wrong:

Upper

Answer 11

Dropped object

Crushed objects

Poorly maneuvered object

Question 12

Upper vs lower limb risk if something goes wrong:

Lower

Answer 12

Relative immobility

Fat risk

Question 13

What is the incidence of limb amputation

Answer 13

2/3 of the amputations are lower limb

Question 14

What are the causes of limb amputation

Answer 14

Dysvascular disease 54%

Trauma 45%

Cancer

Question 15

What is the functional mobility in limb amputation

Answer 15

Lack of muscles and sensory feedback (unilateral amputees)

Gait asymmetries and increase use of intact limb

Results in some degenerative changes, secondary impairments such as Knee Osteoarthritis in intact limb

Question 16

What is the severity in limb amputation

Answer 16

Distal to proximal

Unilateral
Bilateral
Leg/arm

Question 17

Walking gait in someone who has an amputated leg

Answer 17

Whole body COM is moving downward to upward direction

Question 18

If the trailing limb positive work decreases, it results in

Answer 18

Increase leading limb share of COM redirection

Increase ground reaction force loading in leading limb

Which causes secondary impairment such as Knee OA

Question 19

What do passive prosthesis do

Answer 19

Store and return small amounts of energy

Incapable of emulating normal ankle function

Question 20

What do power prosthesis do

Answer 20

Uses a series elastic actuator and a motor to emulate ankle foot functions

Question 21

What is the difference between power and passive prosthesis

Answer 21

Power prosthesis significantly decreases intact leg peak resultant force during walking

Power prosthesis decrease metabolic cost in walking

Question 22

Running is a

Answer 22

Spring like behaviour

Question 23

What do Carbon fiber prosthetic do

Answer 23

Compressed by body weight and return to its original shape as push off

Compression and decompression of the blade enable the release of energy at push off, and reduce metabolic cost of running

Question 24

What are the two types of running prosthesis

Answer 24

C shaped

J shaped

Question 25

What are C shaped prosthesis

Answer 25

More commonly used for jogging and distance running

More effective at storing and releasing energy over time

Question 26

What are J shaped prosthesis

Answer 26

More commonly used for sprinting

Allows for a quick return of energy to achieve higher speeds