Lecture 25 Flashcards
Upper limb as a system is made up of
Shoulder complex
Elbow
Wrist
Hand
What is the DOF in the shoulder complex
Flexion/Extension
Abduction/adduction
Internal/external rotation
What is the DOF in the elbow
Flexion/extension
What is the DOF in the wrist
Flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation
What are the functions of upper limbs
Mobility
Dexterity
Object manipulation
Daily life activities
Lower limb system is made up of
Hip
Knee
Ankle
Foot
What is the DOF in the Hip
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Internal/external rotation
What is the DOF in the Knee
Flexion/extension
Internal/external rotation
What is the DOF in the ankle
Plantar flexion/Dorsi flexion
Eversion/inversion
Medial/lateral rotation
What are the lower limb functions
Load carriage
Stability
Locomotion
Upper vs lower limb risk if something goes wrong:
Upper
Dropped object
Crushed objects
Poorly maneuvered object
Upper vs lower limb risk if something goes wrong:
Lower
Relative immobility
Fat risk
What is the incidence of limb amputation
2/3 of the amputations are lower limb
What are the causes of limb amputation
Dysvascular disease 54%
Trauma 45%
Cancer
What is the functional mobility in limb amputation
Lack of muscles and sensory feedback (unilateral amputees)
Gait asymmetries and increase use of intact limb
Results in some degenerative changes, secondary impairments such as Knee Osteoarthritis in intact limb
What is the severity in limb amputation
Distal to proximal
Unilateral
Bilateral
Leg/arm
Walking gait in someone who has an amputated leg
Whole body COM is moving downward to upward direction
If the trailing limb positive work decreases, it results in
Increase leading limb share of COM redirection
Increase ground reaction force loading in leading limb
Which causes secondary impairment such as Knee OA
What do passive prosthesis do
Store and return small amounts of energy
Incapable of emulating normal ankle function
What do power prosthesis do
Uses a series elastic actuator and a motor to emulate ankle foot functions
What is the difference between power and passive prosthesis
Power prosthesis significantly decreases intact leg peak resultant force during walking
Power prosthesis decrease metabolic cost in walking
Running is a
Spring like behaviour
What do Carbon fiber prosthetic do
Compressed by body weight and return to its original shape as push off
Compression and decompression of the blade enable the release of energy at push off, and reduce metabolic cost of running
What are the two types of running prosthesis
C shaped
J shaped
What are C shaped prosthesis
More commonly used for jogging and distance running
More effective at storing and releasing energy over time
What are J shaped prosthesis
More commonly used for sprinting
Allows for a quick return of energy to achieve higher speeds
