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Micro final > Lecture 25 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lifecycle of a female Sarcoptes Scabiei

A
  • fertilized on skin surface
  • burrows into epidermis
  • completes life cycle in 5 weeks, dies in burrow
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2
Q

what is the lifecycle of a male Sarcoptes Scabiei

A
  • remains on skin surface or produces a shallow burrow
  • shorter life span
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3
Q

Sarcoptes Scabiei eggs are laid where? When does an adult mite develop

A
  • eggs laid under skin
  • larva emerges from egg after 4 days
  • adult mite develops 2 weeks after hatching
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4
Q

clinical issues caused be Sarcoptes Scabiei is due to

A
  • burrowing
    • causes an intensely pruritic eruption, worse at night
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5
Q

Sarcoptes Scabiei causes what 2 conditions

A
  • crusted (norwegian scabies)
    • crusted scaling lesions readily observed in HIV patients
  • pediatric scabies
    • lesions may be blood filled
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6
Q

how is Sarcoptes Scabiei transmitted

A
  • direct person contact
  • can be zoonotic: does not last long
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7
Q

how is Sarcoptes Scabiei identified

A
  • apply mineral oil, scrape lesion and visualize microscopically
    • looking for whole mite or mite parts, eggs or fecal pellets in burrows
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8
Q

What does Phthirus pubis cause

A

pubic lice - “crabs”

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9
Q

how do Phthirus pubis feed

A
  • nits egs cemented to hair
  • adults bite and feed in pubic area
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10
Q

how is Phthirus pubis transmitted

A
  • sexual contact
  • contaminated bedding
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11
Q

Pediculosis is caused by what pathogen

A

Pediculus humanus

  • P. humanus capitis: head louse
  • P. h. humanus: body louse
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12
Q

Pediculus humanus are blood sucking parasites that can cause what disease as a result of years of infestation

A

Vagabond’s disease

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13
Q

Pulex irritans is a human flea that absolutely needs what to survive

A

blood

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14
Q

main manifestation of Pulex irritans is

A
  • a rash
    • during blood meal, it injects saliva
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15
Q

do Pulex irritans live on humans

A
  • no, they prefer hairer and warmer environment like pet hair
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16
Q

are flea bite rashes contangious

A

no

17
Q

flea bite pattern

A
  • groups of three or four, generally in a linear pattern
  • characterized by raised bumps or halo surrounding the actual bite site
  • concentrated in lower extremities
18
Q

scabies commonly infects what patient populations

A

children and elderly

19
Q

Lyme disease is caused by what pathogen

A
  • bacterium Borrelia Burgdorferi
    • ​no gram reaction
20
Q

lyme disease can be classified into what two things based on location in US

A
  • Ixodes scapularis: northeasten, mid-atlantic, north central US
  • Ixodes pacificus: pacific coast
21
Q

ticks attach to what part of the body

A

can attach to any part of the body

22
Q

tick must be attacked to host for how long to transmit borrelia burgdorferi

A

36-48 hrs

23
Q

tick bite produces what rash

A
  • Erythema migrans
    • bulls eye rash
24
Q

up to 20% of lyme disease patients have symtpoms that last months to years after proper abx tx: Post treatment lyme disease symptoms include

A
  • muscle and joint pain
  • cognitive defects
  • sleep disturbance
  • excessive fatigue
25
Q

how is B. burgdorferi infection diagnosed

A
  • bullseye rash is key
  • 2 step approach
    1. ELISA
      1. detect B. burgdorferi
    2. Western blot (confirmatory)
      1. detects B. burgdorferi proteins
26
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by

A
  • tick
    • american dog tick
    • rocky mountain wood tick
    • brown dog tick
  • caused by Rickettsia rickettsii
27
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

  • gram status
  • special feature
  • motile
  • shape
A
  • gram negative
  • obligate intracellular
  • non motile
  • pleomorphic
    • cocci
    • rods
    • thread-like
28
Q

prognosis of rocky mountain spotted fever

A

fatal if not treated in the first few days of symptoms

29
Q

if arizona, rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by ? During what season?

A
  • brown dog tick
  • summer months
30
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii invades what cells

A
  • endothelial cells that line blood vessels
31
Q

first symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever

A
  • 2-14 days after tick bite
  • sudden onset of fever and HA
32
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever produces what 2 characteristic rashes

A
  1. small, flat pink non itchy spots
    1. wristst, forearms, ankles and spreads to trunk, palms, and soles
  2. red to purple spotted petechial rash
    1. pinpoint hemorrhages
    2. sign of late infection and severe disease
33
Q

how is rocky mountain spotted fever diagnosed

A
  • difficult
    • clinical signs and symptoms
  • gold standard: indirect immunofluorescence with a R. rickettsii antigen (2 samples 2-4 weeks apart)
    • do not delay tx waiting for confirmation

Micro final (7 decks)

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