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Lect 28 Flashcards

1
Q

List the important species that cause malaria

A
  • plasmodium vivax
  • p. falciparum
  • p. malariae
  • p. ovale
  • p. knowlesi
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2
Q

malaria lifecycle is complex and has a phase and a phase

A
  • human phase
  • mosquito phase
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3
Q

malaria process in humans in initiated by the injection of plasmodium through transmission of mosquito saliva during a bloodmeal

A

sporozoites (motile forms)

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4
Q

​sporozoites migrate to the and asexual division known as the cycle begins

A
  • liver
  • schizogony
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5
Q

life cycle form released from the schizogony cycle in the liver are called

A

Merozoites

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6
Q

​Merozoites can infect other liver cells or and start the cycle

A
  • RBC
  • Erythrocytic cycle
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7
Q

Once in an RBC, ​Merozoite enlarges and undergoes a differentiation into a cell termed a

A
  • Ring trophozoite
    • ​one nucleus
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8
Q

as Ring trophozoite age, they can develop into

A
  • amoeboid trophozoites
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9
Q

single nucleus of a Ring trophozoite can divide to produce a multinucleated form called a

A

schizont

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10
Q

erythrocytic ​schizonts are multinucleated cells that produce

A

erythrocytic merozoites

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11
Q

When happens to erythrocytic merozoites, when the RBC it is in ruptures

A
  • merozoites escape to invade new cells
    • schizogony can begin again
    • or gametogony is initiated
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12
Q

sexual cycle of malaria is known as ? Can complete sexual cycle occur in humans?

A

gametogony

  • merozoites in erythrocytes can develop into gametocytes
    • do not cause cell rupture
  • mosqito feeds and takes in gametes -> sexual reproduction requires mosquito
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13
Q

malaria organisms consume

A

hemoglobin

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14
Q

fever and chills correspond to release of following rupture of RBC which travels to hypothalamus and causes an increased thermal set point

A

pyrogen

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15
Q

list the natural based immunity to malaria

A
  1. sickle cells anemia produces resistance to falciparum malaria
  2. lack of or resistance to duffy antigen - a receptor for P. vivax
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16
Q

reservoirs for malaria

A
  • humans
  • simians
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17
Q

vector for malaria

A
  • several species of the night feeding anopheline mosquito
18
Q

Plasmodium vivax infects what type of RBCs

A

young erythrocytes

19
Q

Plasmodium vivax causes what condition

A

benign tertian malaria

20
Q

fever and chills associated with Plasmodium vivax is due to

A

rupture of RBC schizonts

21
Q

Plasmodium vivax is capable of

A
  • relapses
    • occur as result of activation of liver hyponozoites
    • can be 3-5 years after initial disease
22
Q

reservoir for Plasmodium vivax

A

human only

23
Q

where is Plasmodium vivax mostly found

24
Q

how is Plasmodium vivax identified

A
  • giemsa stain on venous blood
    • enlarged infected RBCs with schuffner’s dots (surface invaginations)
25
Q

Plasmodium falciparum causes high grade parasitemia which can lead to what condition

A
  • blackwater fever
    • high levels of hemoglobin in urine -> dark to black urine
26
Q

malignant tertian malaria is caused by

A

Plasmodium falciparum

27
Q

Plasmodium falciparum can lead to capillary obstruction as infected RBCs stick to capillary linings which causes what 3 conditions

A
  • cerebral malaria
  • gastric falciparum malaria
  • algid malaria: skin is cold even with fever
28
Q

can relapses occur with Plasmodium falciparum

A
  • no
  • no hyponozoite stage
29
Q

how is Plasmodium falciparum identified

A
  • erythrocytes with double or multiple ring stages, Maurer’s cleft
30
Q

what stages of Plasmodium falciparum can be observed in peripheral smeal

A
  • trophozoites
  • gametocytes
  • **not schizonts
31
Q

Plasmodium malariae infects what type of RBC

A

older erythrocytes

32
Q

reservoir for Plasmodium malariae

A
  • primate - zoonotic
33
Q

how is Plasmodium malariae identified

A
  • trophozoites (basket and band shaped)
  • schizonts (rosette shaped)
34
Q

What is the causative agent of Babesiosis, or Nantucket island fever

A

Babesia microti

35
Q

how is Babesia microti identified

A

forms cross-like morphology on RBC

36
Q

Babesia microti

  • infects what type of cells
  • prevalent in
  • vector
A
  • RBC
  • New England
  • Deer tick
37
Q

vector for Chaga’s disease

A

Triatomine bugs “kissing bugs”

38
Q

Chagas disease is caused by

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

39
Q

how is Chagas disease transmitted

A
  • feces of Trypanosoma cruzi
40
Q

Chagas disease has an acute and chronic stage. What is characteristic sign of acute phase

A
  • chagoma
  • Romana’s sign
    • swelling of eyelid near the parasite entry site
41
Q

how is Chagas disease diagnosed

A
  • extracellular
    • ​observe parasite under microscopy in acute phase

Micro final (7 decks)

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