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Anatomy Exam 3 (Sab) > Lecture 24 - Abdominal walls & Peritoneum > Flashcards

Lecture 24 - Abdominal walls & Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

The external abdominal oblique muscle originates from where?

A

lateral surfaces of ribs and thoracolumbar fascia

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2
Q

The external abdominal oblique muscle inserts where?

A

linea alba and prepubic tendon by a wide aponeurosis

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3
Q

The internal abdominal oblique muscle originates from where?

A

thoracolumbar fascia, ventral iliac spines, and inguinal ligament

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4
Q

The internal abdominal oblique muscle inserts where?

A

on costal arch, rectus abdominis, linea alba, and prepubic tendon by a wide aponeurosis

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5
Q

The transverse abdominis muscle originates from where?

A

medial surfaces of the last 4 to 5 ribs and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

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6
Q

The rectus abdominis muscle courses between prepubic tendon and sternum and what?

A

first few ribs

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7
Q

The rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosis of which 3 muscles?

A

external abdominal oblique muscle, internal abdominal oblique muscle, and transversus abdominis muscle

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8
Q

What 5 structures pass through the inguinal canal?

A

External pudendal artery a, Genitofemoral n, lymphatics, vaginal process or tunics, and spermatic cord

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9
Q

The inguinal canal extends between the _____ and _____ inguinal rings.

A

superficial, deep

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10
Q

The superficial inguinal ring sits in the aponeurosis of what muscle?

A

external abdominal oblique muscle

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11
Q

The inguinal ligament is the caudal border of the aponeurosis of what muscle?

A

external abdominal oblique muscle

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12
Q

The vascular lacuna is the passageway for vessels coursing to what?

A

the pelvic limb

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13
Q

In females, the peritoneal sac is named what? It passes through the inguinal canal.

A

vaginal process

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14
Q

The deep circumflex iliac artery from the aorta supplies what aspect of the abdominal wall?

A

caudal lateral aspect

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15
Q

The cranial abdominal artery from the phrenicoabdominal artery supplies what part of the abdominal wall?

A

cranial wall

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16
Q

The cranial (deep and superficial) epigastric arteries from the internal thoracic artery supplies what aspect of the abdominal wall?

A

cranial ventral aspect

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17
Q

The caudal (deep and superficial) epigastric arteries from the pudendoepigastric trunk supply what part of the abdominal wall?

A

ventral walls

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18
Q

The cranial epigastric artery supplies what muscle?

A

rectus abdominis muscle

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19
Q

The cranial superficial epigastric artery branches from what artery?

A

internal thoracic artery

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20
Q

What two types of mammary glands are the most active?

A

abdominal and inguinal

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21
Q

The caudal superficial epigastric artery branches from what trunk?

A

pudendoepigastric trunk

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22
Q

What artery enlarges in females that are producing milk?

A

caudal superficial epigastric artery

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23
Q

What is the official name for the ventral branch of spinal nerve T13?

A

costoabdominal nerve

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24
Q

What is the official name for the ventral branch of spinal nerve L1?

A

cranial iliohypogastric nerve

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25
Q

What is the official name for the ventral branch of spinal nerve L2?

A

caudal iliohypogastric nerve

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26
Q

What is the official name for the ventral branch of spinal nerve L3?

A

ilioinguinal nerve

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27
Q

What is the official name for the ventral branch of spinal nerve L4?

A

lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

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28
Q

Where is the lumbosacral plexus located?

A

L3 to S1

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29
Q

T/F: The costoabdominal nerve is caudal to the last rib.

A

T

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30
Q

Costoabdominal nerve, cranial iliohypogastric nerve, and caudal iliohypogastric nerve innervate what?

A

abdominal muscles and subcutaneous area

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31
Q

What region does the ilioinguinal nerve innervate?

A

lateral inguinal region

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32
Q

What area does the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve innervate?

A

area of quadriceps

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33
Q

Does the costoabdominal nerve supply motor or sensory?

A

both

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34
Q

Does the cranial iliohypogastric nerve supply motor or sensory?

A

both

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35
Q

Does the caudal iliohypogastric nerve supply motor or sensory?

A

both

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36
Q

Does the ilioinguinal nerve supply motor or sensory?

A

both

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37
Q

Does the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve supply motor or sensory?

A

sensory

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38
Q

The umbilical region is around what nerve?

A

intercostal nerve

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39
Q

What is the official name for the ventral branch of spinal nerve T10?

A

intercostal nerve T10

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40
Q

What is the official name for the ventral branch of spinal nerve T11?

A

intercostal nerve T11

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41
Q

What is the official name for the ventral branch of spinal nerve T12?

A

intercostal nerve t12

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42
Q

What do the intercostal nerves T10 to T12 innervate?

A

most cranial portion of abdominal wall

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43
Q

T/F: There is an obvious barrier between the abdominal and pelvic cavity.

A

F

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44
Q

What part of the peritoneum covers the abdominal walls?

A

parietal peritoneum

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45
Q

What part of the peritoneum covers most abdominal organs?

A

visceral peritoneum

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46
Q

What part of the peritoneum connects the parietal and visceral peritoneums?

A

connecting peritoneum

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47
Q

What is the connective tissue that glues the parietal peritoneum with the cavity walls?

A

transverse fascia

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48
Q

Adults only have 1 peritoneal cavity, but embryos have how many?

A

2

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49
Q

The ventral mesentery disappears in the fetus and adult except for the most cranial and caudal portions that are still on what 2 organs?

A

liver and urinary bladder

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50
Q

The dorsal mesentery in the embryo becomes what in the adult?

A

greater omentum

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51
Q

What structures connect the intestines to the dorsal portion of the abdomen? This is a general term, and they have different names for different locations.

A

mesos

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52
Q

The greater omentum is connected to what part of the stomach?

A

greater curvature

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53
Q

The omental bursa is a virtual space that is found between what 2 structures?

A

superficial leaf and deep leaf of the greater omentum

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54
Q

The epiploic foramen connects the omental bursa with what in the right side of the abdomen?

A

peritoneal cavity

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55
Q

What 4 organs are not covered by the greater omentum?

A

liver, stomach, spleen, and urinary bladder

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56
Q

What structures are considered to be retroperitoneal?

A

kidneys, adrenal glands, caudal vena cava, descending aorta

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57
Q

Which lobe of the pancreas is related to the omentum?

A

left lobe

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58
Q

What is the structure that is the communication between the urinary bladder and umbilicus in the fetus?

A

uracus

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59
Q

The lesser omentum is a plica of the peritoneum that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to part of what?

A

the duodenum

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60
Q

What is the structure that runs from the bladder to the umbilicus? It is considered to be a plica of the peritoneum.

A

median ligament of the urinary bladder

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61
Q

The falciform ligament of the liver is very large and active in the fetus, and runs through what structure in the fetus?

A

umbilicus

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62
Q

What structure in the adult is the remnant of the uracus from the fetus?

A

median ligament of the urinary bladder

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63
Q

What is fetal feces called?

A

meconium

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64
Q

The portion of the lesser omentum that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach of the liver is called what?

A

hepatogastric ligament

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65
Q

The portion of the lesser omentum that connects the first part of the duodenum with the liver is called what?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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66
Q

What are the 6 structures that arise from the dorsal mesentery of the fetus?

A

dorsal mesogastrium (becomes greater omentum), medoduodenum, mesojejunum, mesoileum, mesocolon, mesorectum

67
Q

Which structure is shorter, the lesser or greater omentum?

A

lesser omentum

68
Q

What are the 3 structures that arise from the ventral mesentery of the fetus?

A

ventral mesogastrium (becomes lesser omentum), falciform ligament, median ligament of the urinary bladder

69
Q

Which fetal structure becomes the greater omentum?

A

dorsal mesogastrium

70
Q

Which fetal structure becomes the lesser omentum?

A

ventral mesogastrium

71
Q

What are the 3 main portions of the SI?

A

1.duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum

72
Q

What are the 3 main portions of the colon?

A
  1. ascending colon
  2. transverse colon
  3. descending colon
73
Q

What are the 3 main portions of the LI?

A
  1. cecum
  2. colon
  3. rectum
74
Q

The coats of the GI tract are also known as what?

A

tunics

75
Q

What are the classic 3 tunics (coats) of the stomach from outside to in?

A
  1. serous coat
  2. muscular coat
  3. mucous coat
76
Q

The serous tunic (coat) of the stomach is also known as what?

A

visceral peritoneum

77
Q

The muscular tunic (coat) of the stomach includes what 2 layers?

A

longitudinal muscle layer and circular muscle layer

78
Q

The abdominal esophagus is very [short/long].

A

short

79
Q

What structure of the stomach is the communication between the esophagus and the stomach?

A

cardia

80
Q

The lesser curvature of the stomach points in what direction?

A

cranial and to the right

81
Q

The greater curvature of the stomach points in what direction?

A

caudal and to the left

82
Q

Does the fundus of the stomach point left or right?

A

left

83
Q

Does the pyloric part of the stomach point left or right?

A

right

84
Q

How many active components does the pyloric part of the stomach have? What do they do?

A

2 (one closes and the other opens)

85
Q

What are the 3 portions of the pyloric part of the stomach?

A
  1. pyloric canal
  2. pylorus
  3. pyloric antrum
86
Q

What shape is the pyloric part of the stomach?

A

funnel

87
Q

Which portion of the stomach is described as having a large capacity with strong muscles?

A

fundus

88
Q

Vomit is the involuntary forceful expulsion of contents of what organ to the mouth?

A

stomach

89
Q

T/F: You can have internal vomit that causes irritation and sometimes cancer.

A

T

90
Q

T/F: You should always consider that the spleen may be enlarged when going in for surgery.

A

T

91
Q

The spleen is located within what structure? It is NOT covered by this structure?

A

superficial leaf of the greater omentum

92
Q

T/F: Some sedatives can enlarge the spleen, and it fills with blood.

A

T

93
Q

What ligament connects the spleen with the stomach?

A

gastrosplenic ligament

94
Q

What organ is contained within the deep leaf of the greater omentum?

A

left lobe of the pancreas

95
Q

What is the virtual space between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum?

A

omental bursa

96
Q

What is the entrance to the omental bursa that has boundaries?

A

epiploic foramen

97
Q

The major duodenal papilla is a mucosal protrusion/bump that is the opening of what 2 ducts into the duodenum?

A

bile duct and pancreatic duct

98
Q

The minor duodenal papilla is the opening of what duct into the duodenum?

A

accessory pancreatic duct

99
Q

Which duct is more important in dogs and less important in cats? Most cats do not even have this duct.

A

accessory pancreatic duct

100
Q

Which duct is more important in cats and less important in dogs?

A

pancreatic duct

101
Q

The right lobe of the pancreas is located where?

A

mesoduodenum

102
Q

Which artery is present where the jejunum becomes the ileum?

A

antimesenteric ileal artery

103
Q

What is the plica that joins the ileum and the cecum?

A

ileocecal fold

104
Q

What is the orifice where the cecum connects with the colon?

A

cecocolic orifice

105
Q

The ileocecal fold is small in carnivores but large in _____.

A

herbivores

106
Q

Is the descending colon easier to palpate in dogs or cats?

A

cats

107
Q

What is the larger part of the colon?

A

descending colon

108
Q

The mesentery is made up of which 5 structures?

A
  1. mesoduodenum
  2. mesojejunum
  3. mesoileum
  4. mesocolon
  5. mesorectum
109
Q

What structure represents the transition from skin to mucosa (from skin to rectum)?

A

columnar zone

110
Q

What is this?

A

Transversus abdominis muscle

111
Q

What is this?

A

Rectus andominis muscle

112
Q

What is this?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

113
Q

What is this?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

114
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to?

A

Inguinal ligament

115
Q

What is the blue structure point too

A

Vascular lacuna

116
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Deep circumflex iliac artery

117
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Cranial abdominal artery

118
Q

What structures are indicated by number 3?

A

Cranial (deep and superficial) epigastric arteries

119
Q

What structures are indicated by number 4?

A

Caudal (deep and superficial) epigastric arteries

120
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Cranial superficial epigastric artery

121
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Caudal superficial epigastric artery

122
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

123
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

124
Q

What structure is indicated by number 3?

A

Caudal iliohypogastric nerve

125
Q

What structure is indicated by number 4?

A

Cranial iliohypogastric nerve

126
Q

What structure is indicated by number 5?

A

Costoabdominal nerve

127
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Intercostal nerve T10

128
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Intercostal nerve T11

129
Q

What structure is indicated by number 3?

A

Intercostal nerve T12

130
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Deep leaf of greater omentum

131
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Superficial leaf of greater omentum

132
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Serous coat

133
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Muscular coat

134
Q

What structure is indicated by number 3?

A

Submucous coat

135
Q

What structure is indicated by number 4?

A

Mucous coat

136
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Pyloric antrum

137
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Pylorus

138
Q

What structure is indicated by number 3?

A

Pyloric canal

139
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Lumbar portion of crus

140
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Esophageal hiatus

141
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Fundus

142
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Body

143
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Fundus

144
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Pyloric antrum

145
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Major duodenal papilla

146
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Minor duodenal papilla

147
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Bile duct

148
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Cranial flexure of duodenum

149
Q

Name this

A

Antimesenteric ileal artery

150
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Cecocolic orifice

151
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Ileocolic orifice and sphincter muscle

152
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Anal triangle

153
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Ischiatic tuberosity

154
Q

What structure is indicated by number 3?

A

Urogenital triangle

155
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Cutaneous zone

156
Q

What structure is indicated by number 2?

A

Anocutaneous line

157
Q

What structure is indicated by number 3?

A

Columnar zone

158
Q

What structure is indicated by number 4?

A

Opening to anal sac

159
Q

What structure is indicated by number 5?

A

Internal anal sphincter

160
Q

What structure is indicated by number 6?

A

External anal sphincter

161
Q

What structure is indicated by number 1?

A

Anocutaneous zone

162
Q

What structures are indicated by number 2?

A

Anal sac opening

163
Q

What structure is indicated by number 3?

A

Cutaneous zone

164
Q

What structure is indicated by number 4?

A

Columnar zone

Anatomy Exam 3 (Sab) (11 decks)

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