Lecture 24 Flashcards
Reciprocal interactions between which two structures are responsible for the induction of the definitive kidney
Ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme
Which structure involved in the interactions that form the definitive kidney is derived from a small outpocketing of intermediate mesoderm
Ureteric bud
Which structure of the early developing kidney will give rise to the calyces
Ureteric bud
Which structure of the early developing kidney will form the definitive nephric tubules
Metanephric mesenchyme
Explain how the reciprocal inductive interactions of the 2 structures that form the definitive kidney lead to the formation of the renal vesicles
The ureteric bud induces the nephrogenic mesenchyme to condense around the bud and undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) cell transition to form the renal epithelium and later, the renal vesicles
What type of cell transition does the metanephric mesenchyme undergo to form the renal vesicles
Mesenchymal to epithelial cell transition
The renal vesicles grow and differentiate to form the nephrons of the kidney. Describe the different events occurring proximally and distally
The proximal regions of the renal vesicles will fuse with the ureteric bud whereas the distal regions will develop into the Bowman’s capsule and attract the blood endothelium that form the glomerulus
The distal convoluted tubule develops most distally to the uretic bud whereas the proximal convoluted tubule develops most proximally, T or F
F – in fact, this is vice versa, the anatomical terms were coined before understanding the development of the nephron
Put these stages of nephrogenesis in order. A - comma-shaped body, B - nephron, C - S-shaped body, D - Metanephric mesenchyme
d, a, c, b
Nephrons arise from pretubular aggregates, a subpopulation of the cap mesenchyme, in response to which signal
Wnt9b
What 3 genes are early molecular markers of pretubular aggregates
Pax8, FGF8 and Wnt4
Which two signals are responsible for causing the conversion of the pretubular aggregates into epithelial vesicles
Lhx1 and wnt4
Which transcription factor does the renal vesicle then display a polarised expression of in presumptive distal nephron precursors
Brn1/Pou3f3
Which proximal nephrons fates is notch2 signalling necessary for the specification of
Podocytes and the proximal tubule
Which cells invade the proximal cleft of the S-shaped body
Angioblasts that later contribute to the glomerulus
What happens at the distal portion of the S-shaped body
It fuses with the collecting duct
What process does the ureteric bud undergo to form the millions of renal vesicles required to form the nephrons of the mature kidney and which genes are likely to play a role in this
Branching morphogenesis – under the unfluence of FGF, sprouty and BMPs
Which structure induces the branching of the ureteric bud
Metanephric mesenchyme
Hox7b is a gene normally expressed by the cells of the ureteric bud, as it is a transcription factor, what sort of experimental evidence proves this
Transgene created with GFP marker under the control of the Hox7b promoter
