Lecture 23: Lactation Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the mammary gland consist of the “cluster of milk containing the alveoli?”

A

Secretory Lobule

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2
Q

Which synthesize and secrete milk

A

Alveolar Cell

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3
Q

Which contract to decrease the volume of alveoli

A

Myoepithelial cell

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4
Q

What are the 5 steps of milk synthesis and secretion

A
  1. Secretory Pathway
  2. Transcellular endocytosis/exocytosis
  3. Lipid Pathway
  4. Transcellular salt and water transport through channels and transport
  5. Paracellluar pathway for ions and water
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5
Q

What 3 substances are in the secretory pathway?

A
  1. Casein
  2. Salts
  3. Sugar
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6
Q

What 3 substances are in the Transcellular Endocytosis/Exocytosis?

A
  1. Immunoglobulins
  2. Hormones
  3. Growth Factors
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7
Q

What does Mammogenic Hormones do?

A

Promote Cell Proliferation

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8
Q

What 4 substances are affected by Lobulo-Alveolar Growth?

A
  • Estorgen
  • Growth Hormones
  • Cortisol
  • Prolactin
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9
Q

What 3 substances are affected by Ductal Growth?

A
  • Estrogen
  • Growth Hormone
  • Cortisol
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10
Q

What do Lactogenic Hormones do?

A

Promote initiation of milk production by alveolar cells

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11
Q

What 5 hormones affected by Lactogenic?

A
  • Prolactin
  • Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin
  • Cortisol
  • Insulin (affect premies)
  • Thyroid Hormones
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12
Q

What other hormones are in the same family of Somatomammotropin

A

GH and Prolactin

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13
Q

What two hormones inhibit milk production?

What do they do?

A

Estrogen: Removal of inhibition with parturition permits lactation
Progesterone: Combination OCPs may interfere with lactation

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14
Q

What does Galactokinetic Hormones do? name a hormone affected by it?

A

Promote contraction of myoepithelial cells and milk ejection

- Oxytocin

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15
Q

What does Galactopoietic Hormones do? what 2 hormones affected by it

A

Maintain milk production after it has been established

- Prolactin and GH

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16
Q

What is rBST and rBGH?

what do they do?

A
  • recombinant Bovine Somatotropin
  • recombinant Bovine Growth Hormones
  • increases milk yield in lactating cows
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17
Q

Which hormone removes inhibition?

A

Dopamine

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18
Q

Which hormone affects the Epithelial Cells?

A

Prolactin

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19
Q

Which hormone affects the Myoepithelial cells?

A

Oxytocin

20
Q

Lactation Stimuli and Hormone Release

____ can become conditioned to stimuli other than suckling.

A

Lactation

21
Q

Lactation Stimuli and Hormone Release

_____ is not secreted in response to anticipatory stimuli?

A

PRL

22
Q

Milk Consumption
Human Colostrum’s nutrients consist of?
When is this made?

A

Low Fat and Carbs, High proteins and lost of antibodies

- Made the first 5 days post-partum

23
Q

Milk Consumption

Human milk’s nutrients consist of?

A

High Fat and Carbs, low protein, fat soluble vitamins, antibodies

24
Q

Milk Consumption

Cow’s milk’s nutrients consist of?

A

3x more proteins ( due to casein), high electrolyte content

25
Q

Milk Consumption

Infant Formula’s nutrients consist of?

A

More protein, less fat, more electrolytes and no cells

26
Q

AAP recommends that babies be breastfed?

A

~ first 6 months of life

27
Q

Baby needs no additional foods, (except _____) or _____ unless medically indicted

A

Vitamin D

Fluids

28
Q

Babies should continue to breastfeed:

A

for a year and for as long as it is mutually desired by mother and baby

29
Q

What is Lactational Amenorrhea?

What is Anovulation?

A

Lack of menstrual cycle

Lack of ovulatory cycles

30
Q

Durational of lactational amenorrhea is affected by:

A

high variability, due to frequency and duration of lactation

31
Q

Plasma LH is undetectable on day__ post partum

A

7

32
Q

After 4 weeks postpartum:

A

No LH pulses in 6 out of 9 fully breastfeeding women

33
Q

After 8 weeks postpartum:

A

LH pulses in 9 out of 11 fully breastfeeding women

34
Q

Limited estradiol at 16 weeks indicates:

A

presence of a follicle

35
Q

Follicle growth noted after ______ but associated with inadequate _____ _____

A

menses

corpus luteum

36
Q

This resumes after complete weaning?

A

Normal menstrual cycle

37
Q

This gene codes for Kisspeptin:

A

KiSS-1

38
Q

Lactation suppresses _____ ____ expression in ARC

A

KiSS-1 mRNA

39
Q

An injection of this stimulates pulsatile LH secretion in lactating rats:

A

Kisspeptin-54

40
Q

____ neurons are capable of responding of _______, suggesting lactation inhibits_____ expression to _____ of __ secretion

A

GnRH; Kisspeptin
Kisspeptin; inhibits
LH

41
Q

What 6 reasons to use a breast pump?

A
  1. Return to work
  2. Travel or any other separation from baby
  3. allow father or others to bottle feed baby
  4. Collect milk to feed to premature baby
  5. Boost milk supply
  6. Poor suckling behavior by baby
42
Q

What does Donor Milk banking do?

A

collection, screening, processing and distribution of human milk from volunteer breastfeeding mothers

43
Q

What does Informal Milk Sharing do?

A

Sharing expressed milk with friends, neighbors or acquaintances but can spread potential diseases and bacteria due to inadequate screening

44
Q

Name the 4 types of breast implant surgery?

A

1) Periareolar (“smile’ incision around areola)
2) Transaxillary (armpit)
3) Transumbilical (though bellybutton)
4) Inframammary Fold (underneath breast)

45
Q

Which of the 4 incisions is bad and why?

A

Periareolar, because it can cut or damage nerves in the duct system

46
Q

______ placement is above the chest wall muscle.

______ placement is below the chest wall muscle.

A

Subglandular

Submuscular

47
Q

Implant may exert ______ on _____ tissue cause pain, _____ and/or _____ and physically blocking ____ thus reducing _____ ______

A

pressure; glandular
atrophy; necrosis; ducts
milk production