Lecture 23: Lactation

Question 1

Which part of the mammary gland consist of the “cluster of milk containing the alveoli?”

Answer 1

Secretory Lobule

Question 2

Which synthesize and secrete milk

Answer 2

Alveolar Cell

Question 3

Which contract to decrease the volume of alveoli

Answer 3

Myoepithelial cell

Question 4

What are the 5 steps of milk synthesis and secretion

Answer 4

1. Secretory Pathway
2. Transcellular endocytosis/exocytosis
3. Lipid Pathway
4. Transcellular salt and water transport through channels and transport
5. Paracellluar pathway for ions and water

Question 5

What 3 substances are in the secretory pathway?

Answer 5

1. Casein
2. Salts
3. Sugar

Question 6

What 3 substances are in the Transcellular Endocytosis/Exocytosis?

Answer 6

1. Immunoglobulins
2. Hormones
3. Growth Factors

Question 7

What does Mammogenic Hormones do?

Answer 7

Promote Cell Proliferation

Question 8

What 4 substances are affected by Lobulo-Alveolar Growth?

Answer 8

• Estorgen
• Growth Hormones
• Cortisol
• Prolactin

Question 9

What 3 substances are affected by Ductal Growth?

Answer 9

• Estrogen
• Growth Hormone
• Cortisol

Question 10

What do Lactogenic Hormones do?

Answer 10

Promote initiation of milk production by alveolar cells

Question 11

What 5 hormones affected by Lactogenic?

Answer 11

• Prolactin
• Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin
• Cortisol
• Insulin (affect premies)
• Thyroid Hormones

Question 12

What other hormones are in the same family of Somatomammotropin

Answer 12

GH and Prolactin

Question 13

What two hormones inhibit milk production?

What do they do?

Answer 13

Estrogen: Removal of inhibition with parturition permits lactation
Progesterone: Combination OCPs may interfere with lactation

Question 14

What does Galactokinetic Hormones do? name a hormone affected by it?

Answer 14

Promote contraction of myoepithelial cells and milk ejection

- Oxytocin

Question 15

What does Galactopoietic Hormones do? what 2 hormones affected by it

Answer 15

Maintain milk production after it has been established

- Prolactin and GH

Question 16

What is rBST and rBGH?

what do they do?

Answer 16

• recombinant Bovine Somatotropin
• recombinant Bovine Growth Hormones
• increases milk yield in lactating cows

Question 17

Which hormone removes inhibition?

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

Which hormone affects the Epithelial Cells?

Answer 18

Prolactin

Question 19

Which hormone affects the Myoepithelial cells?

Answer 19

Oxytocin

Question 20

Lactation Stimuli and Hormone Release

____ can become conditioned to stimuli other than suckling.

Answer 20

Lactation

Question 21

Lactation Stimuli and Hormone Release

_____ is not secreted in response to anticipatory stimuli?

Answer 21

PRL

Question 22

Milk Consumption
Human Colostrum’s nutrients consist of?
When is this made?

Answer 22

Low Fat and Carbs, High proteins and lost of antibodies

- Made the first 5 days post-partum

Question 23

Milk Consumption

Human milk’s nutrients consist of?

Answer 23

High Fat and Carbs, low protein, fat soluble vitamins, antibodies

Question 24

Milk Consumption

Cow’s milk’s nutrients consist of?

Answer 24

3x more proteins ( due to casein), high electrolyte content

Question 25

Milk Consumption | Infant Formula's nutrients consist of?

Answer 25

More protein, less fat, more electrolytes and no cells

Question 26

AAP recommends that babies be breastfed?

Answer 26

~ first 6 months of life

Question 27

Baby needs no additional foods, (except _____) or _____ unless medically indicted

Answer 27

Vitamin D | Fluids

Question 28

Babies should continue to breastfeed:

Answer 28

for a year and for as long as it is mutually desired by mother and baby

Question 29

What is Lactational Amenorrhea? | What is Anovulation?

Answer 29

Lack of menstrual cycle | Lack of ovulatory cycles

Question 30

Durational of lactational amenorrhea is affected by:

Answer 30

high variability, due to frequency and duration of lactation

Question 31

Plasma LH is undetectable on day__ post partum

Answer 31

7

Question 32

After 4 weeks postpartum:

Answer 32

No LH pulses in 6 out of 9 fully breastfeeding women

Question 33

After 8 weeks postpartum:

Answer 33

LH pulses in 9 out of 11 fully breastfeeding women

Question 34

Limited estradiol at 16 weeks indicates:

Answer 34

presence of a follicle

Question 35

Follicle growth noted after ______ but associated with inadequate _____ _____

Answer 35

menses | corpus luteum

Question 36

This resumes after complete weaning?

Answer 36

Normal menstrual cycle

Question 37

This gene codes for Kisspeptin:

Answer 37

KiSS-1

Question 38

Lactation suppresses _____ ____ expression in ARC

Answer 38

KiSS-1 mRNA

Question 39

An injection of this stimulates pulsatile LH secretion in lactating rats:

Answer 39

Kisspeptin-54

Question 40

____ neurons are capable of responding of _______, suggesting lactation inhibits_____ expression to _____ of __ secretion

Answer 40

GnRH; Kisspeptin Kisspeptin; inhibits LH

Question 41

What 6 reasons to use a breast pump?

Answer 41

1. Return to work 2. Travel or any other separation from baby 3. allow father or others to bottle feed baby 4. Collect milk to feed to premature baby 5. Boost milk supply 6. Poor suckling behavior by baby

Question 42

What does Donor Milk banking do?

Answer 42

collection, screening, processing and distribution of human milk from volunteer breastfeeding mothers

Question 43

What does Informal Milk Sharing do?

Answer 43

Sharing expressed milk with friends, neighbors or acquaintances but can spread potential diseases and bacteria due to inadequate screening

Question 44

Name the 4 types of breast implant surgery?

Answer 44

1) Periareolar ("smile' incision around areola) 2) Transaxillary (armpit) 3) Transumbilical (though bellybutton) 4) Inframammary Fold (underneath breast)

Question 45

Which of the 4 incisions is bad and why?

Answer 45

Periareolar, because it can cut or damage nerves in the duct system

Question 46

______ placement is above the chest wall muscle. | ______ placement is below the chest wall muscle.

Answer 46

Subglandular | Submuscular

Question 47

Implant may exert ______ on _____ tissue cause pain, _____ and/or _____ and physically blocking ____ thus reducing _____ ______

Answer 47

pressure; glandular atrophy; necrosis; ducts milk production