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(J) Physiology II Test 3 > Lecture 23 - Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 23 - Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are generalizations about preganglionic and postganglionic neurons?

L23 S5

A

Preganglionic:

  • cell bodies in CNS
  • myelinated
  • use ACh

Postganglionic:

  • cell bodies in peripheral ganglia
  • unpyelinated
  • ACh (parasympathetic) and norepinephrine (sympathetic)
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2
Q

What affect does ANS stimulation have on glands?

L23 S6

A

Sympathetic:
-sweat gland stimulation

Parasympathetic:

  • lacrimal, nasal, and salivary gland stimulation
  • upper GI gland stimulation

Enteric:
-lower GI gland stimulation

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3
Q

What affect does ANS stimulation have on the heart?

L23 S7

A

Sympathetic:
-increases rate and strength of contraction

Parasympathetic:
-decreases rate and strength of contraction

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4
Q

What affect does ANS stimulation have on blood vessels?

L23 S7

A

Sympathetic:
-constricts most vessels

Parasympathetic:
-little effect

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5
Q

What affect does ANS stimulation have on blood pressure?

L23 S8

A

Sympathetic:
-acute increase which returns to normal

Parasympathetic:
-little effect

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6
Q

What affect does ANS stimulation have on endodermal structures (GI, respiratory, endocrine, auditory, and urinary)?

L23 S8

A

Sympathetic:
-inhibits endodermal structure

Parasympathetic:
-excites endodermal structure

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7
Q

What affect does ANS stimulation have on the eyes?

L23 S9

A

Sympathetic:
-pupil dilation

Parasympathetic:

  • pupil constriction
  • lens focusing
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8
Q

What affect does ANS stimulation have on the GI tract?

L23 S9

A

Sympathetic:

  • inhibit peristalsis (only with strong stimulation)
  • otherwise little effect

Parasympathetic:

  • promotes peristalsis
  • relaxes sphincters
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9
Q

Where specifically are preganglionic fiber cell bodies located?

L23 S11

A

Lateral horn of the spinal cord

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10
Q

How is norepinephrine produced in the neuron?

L23 S18

A
  • tyrosine is converted to dopa (hydroxylation)
  • dopamine is converted to dopamine (decarboxylation)
  • dopamine is transported into vesicles
  • dopamine is converted into norepinephrine (hydroxylation)
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11
Q

What happens to norepinephrine after it is released?

L23 S19

A

Broken down in cleft:
-metabolized by monoamine oxidase to dihydroxyphenylglycol

Recycled:
-reuptaken by NE transporter

Broken down in circulation:
-metabolized by catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) which is found in all tissues

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12
Q

What are the types of adrenergic receptor and what stimulates them?

A

Alpha receptors:
-simulated by epinephrine and norepinephrine

Beta receptors:

  • stimulated mainly by epinephrine
  • weakly stimulated by norepinephrine
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13
Q

What functions are alpha receptors associated with?

L23 S22

A

Can be excitatory or inhibitory

  • vasoconstriction
  • iris dilation
  • intestinal relaxation
  • intestinal sphincter contraction
  • bladder sphincter contraction
  • pilomotor contraction
  • inhibition of neurotransmitter release
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14
Q

What functions are associated with each of the different beta receptors?

L23 S23

A

Beta 1:

  • cardioacceleration
  • increased myocardial strength
  • lipolysis

Beta 2:

  • vasodilation
  • intestinal relaxation
  • uterus reaction
  • bronchodilation
  • calorigensis
  • glycogenolyisis
  • bladder wall relaxation

Beta 3:
-thermogenesis

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15
Q

What is the function of reserpine?

L23 S25

A

Blocks synthesis and storage of norepinephrine

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16
Q

What is the function of propranolol?

L23 S25

A

Blocks sympathetic beta 1 and beta 2 receptors

17
Q

What is the function of metoprolol?

L23 S25

A

Blocks mostly sympathetic beta 1 receptors

18
Q

What is difference is there between epinephrine/norepinephrine used as a neurotransmitter vs. released from the adrenal medulla?

L23 S29-31

A

Lasts 5-10 times longer due to lack of local reuptake/destruction

Circulating norepinephrine:

  • constricts blood vessels
  • increases heart activity
  • inhibits GI
  • dilates pupils

Circulating epinephrine:

  • increases cardiac output
  • increases metabolism
19
Q

What nerves carry parasympathetic fibers and what is the function of each?

L23 S34

A

Oculomotor/CN III:

  • constricts pupillae of iris
  • constricts ciliary muscles

Facial/CN VII:

  • stimulates submandibular and sublingual glands
  • stimulates nasal mucosa

Glossopharyngeal/CN IX:
-stimulates parotid gland

CN X (75% of fibers):
-affects heart, GI, kidneys, and reproduction

Sacral nerves

20
Q

What enzymes are responsible for making and degrading acetylcholine?

L23 S45

A

Synthesis:
-choline acetyl-transferase

Degradation:
-acetylcholineesterase

21
Q

What are the types of acetylcholine receptors?

L23 S46-47

A

Muscarinic:

  • works through G proteins
  • found on postganglionic effectors

Nicotine:

  • ion channel
  • found at synapse between preganglionic and postganglionic
  • found on skeletal muscles

(J) Physiology II Test 3 (10 decks)

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