Lecture 22- PLANTS

Question 1

Vitidiplantar/chlorobionta chloroplast

Answer 1

United by chloroplast containing organisms

Question 2

Embryophytes

Answer 2

Plants that live in terrestrial environments, have waxy cuticle, specialized gametangia to protect eggs, alt. of gen

Question 3

Tracheophytes

Answer 3

Plants that have vascular tissue, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms

Question 4

key ancestral traits with charophytes

Answer 4

rings of cellulose synthesizing complexes, structure of flagellated sperm, polymer sporopollenin, similarities in nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial sequencing

Question 5

cell wall

Answer 5

cellulose synthase, intense netting of fibers

Question 6

difference between water and land

Answer 6

WATER: Whole algae performs photosynthesis, holdfast, all nutrients from water
LAND: Leaf performs photosynthesis, stem can grow tall, cuticle WATER, stomata GAS, roots anchor plant and provide nutrients

Question 7

FOUR KEY TRAITS

Answer 7

Alternation of generations, apical meristems, multicellular gametangia, walled spores in sporangia

Question 8

Alternation of generations

Answer 8

the life cycle of all land plants, alternates between two generations of distinct multicellular organisms GAMETOPHYTE (n) and SPOROPHYTE (2n)

Question 9

Gametophyte

Answer 9

produce haploid gametes, fuse to form diploid zygote

Question 10

Sporophyte

Answer 10

Spore producing plant, meiosis in sporophyte produces haploid spores; motoríceme division of spore cell produces new multicellular gametophytes

Question 11

Apical meristems

Answer 11

how plants sustain continual growth, cell from social meristems differentiate into various tissues

Question 12

Parenchyma

Answer 12

solid mass formed by cells derived from the apical meristem region, enable plants to alter growth in response to the environment

Question 13

cuticle

Answer 13

waxy covering of the epidermis, reduces intensity of the sun and reduced water loss

Question 14

stomata

Answer 14

pores that facilitate gas exchange between outside air and internal plant tissues

Question 15

gametophyte trend

Answer 15

is reduced in higher plants, sporophyte becomes more dominant

Question 16

Bryophytes

Answer 16

MO VASCULAR TISSUE, highly dependent on water, found in moist environments, produce flagellated sperm that swim, have rhi kids NOT ROOTS, dominated by gametophyte life cycle

Question 17

spore to seeds

Answer 17

spore contains happily generic material that will germinate to produce a gametophyte, a seed contains diploid genetic material that germinates to produce a sporophyte

Question 18

Seedless vascular plants

Answer 18

Life cycle dominated my sporophyte, vascular tissue, developed true roots, still reproduce spores with nerd a fill of water for sperm

Question 19

Gymnosperms

Answer 19

Naked seed, exposed on sporophylls that form on cones, sporophyte cycle dominate, development of seeds from fertilized ovules, transfer of Soren to ovules by pollen

Question 20

Megasporagnia

Answer 20

produce megaspores that develop into female gametophytes

Question 21

Microsporangia

Answer 21

Produce micro spores that develops into male gametophytes

Question 22

Pollination

Answer 22

Transfer of pollen to part of a seed plant containing ovule

Question 23

Angiosperms

Answer 23

flowering plants, produce flowers and fruits, flowers produce gametes and fruits are the product of fertilization , widespread most diverse

Question 24

flowers

Answer 24

specialized shoot with up to 4 types of modified leaves

Question 25

sepals

Answer 25

enclose flower

Question 26

petals

Answer 26

brightly colored, attract pollinators

Question 27

stamens

Answer 27

produce pollen (male gamete)

Question 28

carpels

Answer 28

produce ovules

Question 29

angiosperm life cycle

Answer 29

male gametophytes are contained within pollen grains produced by the microsporangia of anthers, embryo sac develops within an ovule contained within an ovary at the base of stigma

Question 30

double fertilization

Answer 30

pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule

Question 31

fruits

Answer 31

formed when the ovary wall thickens and matures, protect seeds and aid in dispersal