Lecture 22- PLANTS Flashcards
Vitidiplantar/chlorobionta chloroplast
United by chloroplast containing organisms
Embryophytes
Plants that live in terrestrial environments, have waxy cuticle, specialized gametangia to protect eggs, alt. of gen
Tracheophytes
Plants that have vascular tissue, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms
key ancestral traits with charophytes
rings of cellulose synthesizing complexes, structure of flagellated sperm, polymer sporopollenin, similarities in nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial sequencing
cell wall
cellulose synthase, intense netting of fibers
difference between water and land
WATER: Whole algae performs photosynthesis, holdfast, all nutrients from water
LAND: Leaf performs photosynthesis, stem can grow tall, cuticle WATER, stomata GAS, roots anchor plant and provide nutrients
FOUR KEY TRAITS
Alternation of generations, apical meristems, multicellular gametangia, walled spores in sporangia
Alternation of generations
the life cycle of all land plants, alternates between two generations of distinct multicellular organisms GAMETOPHYTE (n) and SPOROPHYTE (2n)
Gametophyte
produce haploid gametes, fuse to form diploid zygote
Sporophyte
Spore producing plant, meiosis in sporophyte produces haploid spores; motoríceme division of spore cell produces new multicellular gametophytes
Apical meristems
how plants sustain continual growth, cell from social meristems differentiate into various tissues
Parenchyma
solid mass formed by cells derived from the apical meristem region, enable plants to alter growth in response to the environment
cuticle
waxy covering of the epidermis, reduces intensity of the sun and reduced water loss
stomata
pores that facilitate gas exchange between outside air and internal plant tissues
gametophyte trend
is reduced in higher plants, sporophyte becomes more dominant
Bryophytes
MO VASCULAR TISSUE, highly dependent on water, found in moist environments, produce flagellated sperm that swim, have rhi kids NOT ROOTS, dominated by gametophyte life cycle
spore to seeds
spore contains happily generic material that will germinate to produce a gametophyte, a seed contains diploid genetic material that germinates to produce a sporophyte
Seedless vascular plants
Life cycle dominated my sporophyte, vascular tissue, developed true roots, still reproduce spores with nerd a fill of water for sperm
Gymnosperms
Naked seed, exposed on sporophylls that form on cones, sporophyte cycle dominate, development of seeds from fertilized ovules, transfer of Soren to ovules by pollen
Megasporagnia
produce megaspores that develop into female gametophytes
Microsporangia
Produce micro spores that develops into male gametophytes
Pollination
Transfer of pollen to part of a seed plant containing ovule
Angiosperms
flowering plants, produce flowers and fruits, flowers produce gametes and fruits are the product of fertilization , widespread most diverse
flowers
specialized shoot with up to 4 types of modified leaves
sepals
enclose flower
petals
brightly colored, attract pollinators
stamens
produce pollen (male gamete)
carpels
produce ovules
angiosperm life cycle
male gametophytes are contained within pollen grains produced by the microsporangia of anthers, embryo sac develops within an ovule contained within an ovary at the base of stigma
double fertilization
pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule
fruits
formed when the ovary wall thickens and matures, protect seeds and aid in dispersal
