Lecture 2.1.18 Flashcards
Level of Evidence Pyramid
weakest to strongest
Expert opinion to Meta Analysis
Non-research based evidence
Clinical practice guidelines (IV) EBP projects (V) QI Case Study Expert opinion (MORE)
Quality of Non-research evidence
A: High quality
B:good
C:low
Evidence Apprasial
Level: I-V
Quality: A-C
Level IA is stronger that IIB or IVA
non-Research
weaker evidence
used when research evidence does not exist for isn’t enough
Lit Review
Summary of Lit
generally descriptive
purpose: give background info
Expert opinion
Level V
opinions of expert: commentary articles, letters to editor, cade reports,
make sure they have the credentials to support topic
Editorials
Level V
similar to opinion piece
Issues of public interest
Case Study
level V
in depth look at a single person, group or social unit
descriptive info to understand issues like disease, symptoms, treatment course
can provide alternative explanations or current challenges
EBP and QI
Level V
ongoing efforts to improve quality of care
QI: method to improve workflows and processes
EBP: using evidence to make practice changes
Position or Consensus statements
Level V
Similar to clinical practice guidelines
recommendations that may or may not be supported by research
broad statements of best practic
meant to guide members of a professional org.
Clinical practice guidelines
Level IV
systematically developed statements that guide clinical practice
recommendations that synthesize available evidence
should be developed by a panel of multidisciplinary experts
VARY in QUALITY
Research Evidence
Stronger that non-research
Varies in terms of:
level (determined by research design)
Quality(by clinical appraisal)
High Quality
consistent, generalizable results, sufficient sample size, adequate control, definitive conclusions
Good quality
Reasonably consistent results, sufficient sample size, some control, fairly definitive conclusions,
low quality
little evidence with inconsistent results, insufficient sample size, conclusions cannot be drawn
Qualitative Research
use to gain new knowledge complements quantitative research (level III, no intervention) requires human protection through IRB explains or describes a phenomenon analyze data in form of WORDS
When would a researcher conduct Qualitative Research?
Exploration
Context
Complexity
Explanation
Qualitative Research sample
purposeful, snowball, quota, how many participants are needed?
Qualitative Data Collection
Interviews or focused groups,
Dialogue is recorded and transcribed
obeservation
Qualitative Data Analysis
Researchers immerse themselves in data
Themes are identified
Findings are supported by quotes or obervations
Rigor in Qualitative
Credibility: internal validity, member check
Transferability: external validity, generalizability
Dependability: reliability
Confirmability: objectivity, audit trail
Qualitative Methodologies
Phenomenology (lived experience)
grounded theory (theory is grounded in data)
Ethnography (study of entire culture, observation)
Meta-sysnthesis
analyzing data across multiple qualitative studies
after identify question:
search for, select, appraise, summarize, combine qualitative evidence
