Lecture 2.1.18

Question 1

Level of Evidence Pyramid

Answer 1

weakest to strongest

Expert opinion to Meta Analysis

Question 2

Non-research based evidence

Answer 2

Clinical practice guidelines (IV)
EBP projects (V)
QI 
Case Study
Expert opinion
(MORE)

Question 3

Quality of Non-research evidence

Answer 3

A: High quality
B:good
C:low

Question 4

Evidence Apprasial

Answer 4

Level: I-V
Quality: A-C
Level IA is stronger that IIB or IVA

Question 5

non-Research

Answer 5

weaker evidence

used when research evidence does not exist for isn’t enough

Question 6

Lit Review

Answer 6

Summary of Lit
generally descriptive
purpose: give background info

Question 7

Expert opinion

Answer 7

Level V
opinions of expert: commentary articles, letters to editor, cade reports,
make sure they have the credentials to support topic

Question 8

Editorials

Answer 8

Level V
similar to opinion piece
Issues of public interest

Question 9

Case Study

Answer 9

level V
in depth look at a single person, group or social unit
descriptive info to understand issues like disease, symptoms, treatment course
can provide alternative explanations or current challenges

Question 10

EBP and QI

Answer 10

Level V
ongoing efforts to improve quality of care
QI: method to improve workflows and processes
EBP: using evidence to make practice changes

Question 11

Position or Consensus statements

Answer 11

Level V
Similar to clinical practice guidelines
recommendations that may or may not be supported by research
broad statements of best practic
meant to guide members of a professional org.

Question 12

Clinical practice guidelines

Answer 12

Level IV
systematically developed statements that guide clinical practice
recommendations that synthesize available evidence
should be developed by a panel of multidisciplinary experts
VARY in QUALITY

Question 13

Research Evidence

Answer 13

Stronger that non-research
Varies in terms of:
level (determined by research design)
Quality(by clinical appraisal)

Question 14

High Quality

Answer 14

consistent, generalizable results, sufficient sample size, adequate control, definitive conclusions

Question 15

Good quality

Answer 15

Reasonably consistent results, sufficient sample size, some control, fairly definitive conclusions,

Question 16

low quality

Answer 16

little evidence with inconsistent results, insufficient sample size, conclusions cannot be drawn

Question 17

Qualitative Research

Answer 17

use to gain new knowledge
complements quantitative research (level III, no intervention)
requires human protection through IRB
explains or describes a phenomenon
analyze data in form of WORDS

Question 18

When would a researcher conduct Qualitative Research?

Answer 18

Exploration
Context
Complexity
Explanation

Question 19

Qualitative Research sample

Answer 19

purposeful, snowball, quota, how many participants are needed?

Question 20

Qualitative Data Collection

Answer 20

Interviews or focused groups,
Dialogue is recorded and transcribed
obeservation

Question 21

Qualitative Data Analysis

Answer 21

Researchers immerse themselves in data
Themes are identified
Findings are supported by quotes or obervations

Question 22

Rigor in Qualitative

Answer 22

Credibility: internal validity, member check
Transferability: external validity, generalizability
Dependability: reliability
Confirmability: objectivity, audit trail

Question 23

Qualitative Methodologies

Answer 23

Phenomenology (lived experience)
grounded theory (theory is grounded in data)
Ethnography (study of entire culture, observation)

Question 24

Meta-sysnthesis

Answer 24

analyzing data across multiple qualitative studies
after identify question:
search for, select, appraise, summarize, combine qualitative evidence