Lecture 21: Speciation

Question 1

Species concept based on Physical Traits/Characteristics

Answer 1

Morphological

Question 2

Species concept based on breeding and producing viable offspring

Answer 2

Biological

Question 3

Species concept based on how individuals interact with their environment

Answer 3

Ecological Species Concept

Question 4

Define Habitat Isolation

Answer 4

Species do not cross paths or interact with each other

Question 5

Define Temporal Isolation

Answer 5

Species mate at different times

Question 6

Define Behavioral Isolation

Answer 6

Species are not drawn to another species aura

Question 7

Species attempt to mate but are not morphologically compatible

Answer 7

Mechanical Isolation

Question 8

Gametic Isolation

Answer 8

Species mate but their gametes are not compatible

Question 9

What are 5 Pre-Zygotic mechanisms?

Answer 9

1.) Habitat Isolation
2.) Temproal Isolation
3.) BEhavioral ISolation
4.) Mechanical ISolation
5.) Gametic ISolation

Question 10

Reduced Hybrid Viability

Answer 10

HYbrid offspring dies early

Question 11

Reduced Hybrid Fertility

Answer 11

Hybrid are born but cannot reproduce

Question 12

Hybrid Breakdown

Answer 12

Offspring of Hybrids are cooked

Question 13

3 Post Zygotic MEchanisms?

Answer 13

1.) Reduced Hybrid Viability
2.) Reduced Hybrid Fertility
3.) Hybrid BReakdown

Question 14

What are 2 mechanisms of Speciation?

Answer 14

• Allopatric
• Sympatric

Question 15

Species diverge due to geographical barrier

Answer 15

Allopatric speciation

Question 16

Species diverge despite there not being a geographical barrier

Answer 16

Sympatric Speciation

Question 17

Examples of Sympatric speciation mechanisms

Answer 17

Polyploidy, Sexual Selection, Niche Partitioning (Habitat differentiation)

Question 18

What is the difference between Phylogeny and Taxonomy?

Answer 18

-Phylogeny shows the evolutionary history
- Taxonomy refers to the naming/ categorization of organisms (ex. Bi(2) - nomial (name) nomenclature)

Question 19

Phylogeny based on Taxonomy is known as

Answer 19

Cladistics

Question 20

Define Polytomy

Answer 20

Shows unclear evolutionary relationship (3 or more branches)

Question 21

No common ancestor

Answer 21

Polyphyletic

Question 22

Common ancestor + ALL descendants

Answer 22

Monophyletic/Clade

Question 23

Common Ancestor + Excludes some descendants

Answer 23

Paraphyletic