Lecture 2.1 - Sensory Information I Flashcards
What are the 3 sources of sensory information and describe all of them.
- Exteroception
- The information we obtain from the external environment i.e. audition, visual
- Sense that primarily influences skilled performance
- “How should we react to this environment information?”
- Allows anticipation - Proprioception
- the information that comes from within the body, largely from muscles and joints - information about the body in space and *body vs body
- Sometimes referred to as movement-related interoception, but what differs is that it picks up information from outside the body as well
3. Interoception - Involves internal functions within the body
- Provides the least influence on skilled performance, but it influences well being and arousal levels
- How we feel and what were detecting internally, are there imbalance?
*Body vs body is kinesthesia, but prop is the umbrella term for both
What senses does exteroception come from?
Visual, auditory, olfaction
T or F: Exteroception allows anticipation
True
What is the difference between proprioception and kinesthesia?
Proprioception = body in space = detects limbs in relation to its positioning in space
- i.e. close eyes and raise arms in front of you, proprioception allows you to know that your arms are in front of you rather to your side
Kinesthesia = body vs body = detects limb in relation to another limb
- i.e. close your eyes and touch surface of both index fingers together, kinesthesia allows you to coordinate that limb on limb detection
- i.e. washing your face, a good kinesthesia allows you to not slap your face with your hand because you have a good detection of where your hand is in relation to your face
What level does proprioception and kinesthesia occur at and what provides the neuromuscular system with this information?
Occurs at the level of the spinal cord and CNS.
Important internal receptor provide the neuromusclar system with information
Important for posture and balance, not hurting yourself
What are some proprioceptive organs? List them
- Vestibular apparatus
- Muscle spindles
- Golgi tendon organs
- Joint receptors IN THE JOINTS NOT MUSCLE/TENDON
- Cutaneous receptors
What is the vestibular apparatus and what senses does it help us with?
- In the inner ear
- Helps with balance
- Detects movements of the head and its orientation with respect to gravity
Proprioceptive organ ++balance organ
What are muscle spindles and what senses do they help us with?
- Located within the muscle along fibers
- Provides information regarding:
1. Joint position (especially during extremes at end of ROM)
2. Muscle stretch and length
Excitation of these fibers elicits a protective myotatic reflex to prevent overstretching
- i.e. knee jerk reflex
- Advantage of having this is if there is too fast/too much of a muscle/tendon stretch, it will activate its protective response
Proprioceptive organ | Excitatory in nature
What is the Golgi Tendon Organ and what senses does it help us with?
- B/w the muscle and tendon
- Relaxes the muscle
- Signal the level of force in the various parts of the muscle
Proprioceptive organ | Inhibitory in nature
Do muscles exert force directly onto bone?
No son, muscle exert force onto the tendon, then tendon onto the bone
What are joint receptors and what senses do they help us with?
- Joint receptors provide information on joint positioning
- They are located in the joints/joint capsules rather than within muscles and tendons like MS and GTO
- *They are protective by letting us know joint posiitioning but do not elicit a physical response like MS and GTO
Proprioceptive organ | Provides information only
What are cutaneous receptors and what senses do they help us with?
Cutaneous receptors provide haptic (touch) information
- Detect pressure, temperature, and touch, + nociception (threat/pain)
Proprioceptive organ | Provides information only
Perception of movement can be affected by _______________
Perception of movement can be affected by the way we produce movements
For example, our perception of danger for a certain movement may stem from the way our certain muscle produces a force, which would cause pain because we have an injury there
Or in a clinic, our perception of danger for a certain movement may only happen during its active movement, and it decreases when assisted passive movement is produced by a clinician or even if it is supported by a knee brace, our perception (sense) of danger decreases or even completely goes away.
Explain closed loop control. Give real life examples.
What are the 4 requirements of CLC and briefly explain all 4
- Comparator
Compares the actual action with the desired action - Executive
The control center - receives the input and sends the desired action to the comparator and the effector. Includes the 3 stages of processing. - Effector
Performes toward the desired goal from the executive - Feedback
Was the desired goal achieved by the effector’s action? Goes to the comparator. If the desired goal isn’t achieved, the loop is activated again and again until it is achieved.
T or F: The effector includes all 3 stages of processing and the executive contains motor time (motor programs, spinal cord organization, and the muscles for output)
False, the executive includes all the stages of processing and the effector produces the actual movement toward the desired goal
