Lecture 1.6: Everything Else... Flashcards
What is anticipation?
- How individuals cope with long reaction time delays
- How effectively an individual can predict the outcome of a particular situation and Organize movements in advance
What stage of processing is time saved because of anticipation?
Response selection and motor programming since you already know the stimulus coming and can preprogram these movements
Why do experts have a large advantage over novices in perceptual anticipation?
They spend less time in the reaction time/processing stage
List the 2 types of anticipation
- Spatial (event in space)
- Temporal
What is spatial (event-space) anticipation?
Predict what is going to happen in the environment before the stimulus. (Where/what)
What is temporal anticipation?
Predict when a signal will happen or the predicting of what the timing between the sequence of events will be. (How/when)
What are the benefits of anticipation?
A correct anticipation can literally save you 100% time (RT = 0ms) in the lagging process.
It can start an action right with a signal/stimulus or right before it.
More regular predictable stimuli = easier to predict effectively
What are some limitations of anticipation?
When the anticipated action was not what was presented.
i.e. question mark kick, anticipate body shot but get kicked on head instead
An incorrect anticipation will come with processing delays since we can only program one movement at a time
This can create a biomechanical disadvantage, lead to injury and cost more energy i.e. guy cuts left instead of right, have to change position quick with torque on your knee
What is the double stimulation paradigm?
Separate reactions/responses are measured to two different stimuli presented close together in time
What is the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) / stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA)?
Both mean same thing. Time period separating the first and second stimuli.
Can range from 0ms to a few hundred
What is the psychological refractory period (PRP)?
The delay in reaction time of the second of two closely spaced stimuli.
Why do we measure RT2 instead of RT1 in stimulus onset asynchrony?
Because the second stimulus is what provides the interference / delay in processing.
