Lecture 21 - Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards
What are the layers of the pericardium?
L21 S4-5
Visceral pericardium:
- serous membrane
- referred to as epicardium
- consist of arterial and venous mesocardium
Parietal pericardium:
- serous membrane
- fused to fibrous pericardium
What sinuses are formed by the pericardium?
L21 S6
Transverse sinus:
-space between arterial and venous mesocardium
Oblique sinus:
-space between left and right pulmonary veins
What is the blood supply of the pericardium?
L21 S7
- pericardial arteries
- pericardiacophrenic arteries
- musculophrenic arteries
What is the innervation of the pericardium?
L21 S7
- CN X
- phrenic nerve
- sympathetic trunk
What are the layers of the heart?
L21 S10
Epicardium:
-visceral layer of pericardium and subserous connective tissue
Myocardium:
-cardiac muscle tissue
Endocardium:
-endothelium
What is the cardiac skeleton?
L21 S12
- 4 interlocking rings call annuli fibrosi
- serve as attachment for cardiac muscle and support valves
What are the main arteries suppling the heart and what are their main branches and what do they supply?
L21 S19-20
Right coronary artery: -branches —artery to SA node —artery to AV node —right marginal artery —posterior interventricular artery -supplies —right atrium, right ventricle, posterior interventricular septum
Left coronary artery: -branches —left anterior descending artery —circumflex artery —left marginal artery -supplies —left atrium, left ventricle, anterior interventricular septum
What is the path of venous drainage from the heart?
L21 S21
- great cardiac vein
- middle cardiac vein
- small cardiac vein
- > coronary sinus
- > right atrium
What are the anatomical features of the right atrium?
L21 S24
Receives blood from…:
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- coronary sinus
- anterior cardiac veins
-thin walled
Subchambers:
- main posterior cavity (sinus venarum)
- anterior cavity (auricle with pectinate muscles)
What are the anatomical features of the right ventricle?
L21 S25
Receives blood from…:
-right atrium
-thicker walled
Right atrioventricular valve:
- tricuspid valve
- chordae tendinae and papillary muscles (prevent valve from inverting)
Pulmonary valve
- 3 semilunar cusps
- to pulmonary trunk
Trabeculae carnae
Moderator band
What are the anatomical features of the left atrium?
L21 S27
Receives blood from…:
-4 pulmonary veins
-smaller but thicker than right atrium
Portions:
- posterior (smooth and receives blood)
- anterior (auricle with pectinate muscles)
What are the anatomical fractures of the left ventricle?
L21 S28-29
Receives blood from…:
-left atrium
-2-3x thicker than right ventricle
Left atrioventricular valve:
- two papillary muscles
- bicuspid/mitral valve
Aortic valve:
-3 semilunar cusps
Trabeculae carnae:
-less coarse than right ventricle
Describe the conduction pathway through the heart.
L21 S32-34
SA node
- > AV node
- > interventricular bundle (divides into…)
- > right bundle branch and left bundle branch
- > Purkinje fibers (terminal branches)
What are the branches of the ascending aorta and what relations does it have to nearby structures?
L21 S37
Branches:
- left coronary artery
- right coronary artery
Anatomical relations:
-posterior to sternum at sternal angle
What are the branches of the aortic arch and what relations does it have to nearby structures?
L21 S37
Branches:
- brachiocephalic
- left common carotid
- left subclavian
Anatomical relations: -anterior structures: —left phrenic nerve —left vagus nerve —superficial cardiac plexus -inferior structures: —left recurrent laryngeal nerve —ligamentum arteriosum —pulmonary trunk —left primary bronchus -posterior structures: —trachea —left recurrent laryngeal nerve
