Lecture 21 (Exam 2) Flashcards
Maintaining levels of glucose is important because the _______ depends on glucose as its primary fuel and _______ use glucose as their only fuel.
Brain
RBCs
Whole body needs ______ glucose per day.
160 g
Daily glucose requirement of the brain is…
120 g
Glucose present in the body fluids is…
20 g
Glucose that is readily available from glycogen is…
190 g
Direct glucose reserves sufficient to meet glucose needs for about a day. _________ is especially important during a longer period of fasting and starvation.
Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis occurs where?
Liver and kidney
The synthesis of glucose can occur from non-carbohydrate precursors (through gluconeogenesis). These precursors are…
Lactate
Amino acids
Glycerol
Gluconeogenesis by-passes the irreversible steps of glycolysis through four enzymes, which are…
Pyruvate carboxylase
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Pyruvate carboxylase is a _________ enzyme. Other enzymes of gluconeogenesis are found in the ________.
Mitochondrial
Cytoplasm
Oxaloacetate (OAA), product of PC, is transported to the cytoplasm via ________ shuttle.
Malate
Free glucose can leave the _______ and enter the ______.
Liver
Blood
This is an enzyme located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Glucose 6-phosphatase
A protein called _____ transports Glucose 6-phsophatase to the ER.
T1
A protein called ______ transports inorganic phosphate (from glucose 6-phosphatase) back into the cytosol.
T2
A protein called ______ transports glucose back to the cytoplasm.
T3
Glycolysis generates ______, gluconeogenesis consumes ______.
ATP
ATP
In the liver, rates of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are adjusted to maintain _______ glucose.
Blood
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate strongly stimulates __________ (gluconeogenesis) and inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (glycolysis).
Phosphofructokinase
Two enzymes regulate the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, which are…
Phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK2) Fructose bisphosphatase 2 (FBPase2)
In the Cori Cycle, ________ produced in skeletal muscle and red blood cells can be converted back to pyruvate in the liver. The pyruvate can enter the gluconeogenic pathway and regenerate glucose (which was the source of the ________).
Lactate
Lactate
