Lecture 15 & 16 (Exam 2)

Question 1

Lipids are _________, meaning they have a hydrophilic and hydrophobic component.

Answer 1

Amphipathic

Question 2

Fatty acids are composed of…

Answer 2

Hydrocarbon

Carboxyl

Question 3

Fatty acids have a primary (HYDROPHILIC/HYDROPHOBIC) determinant.

Answer 3

Hydrophobic

Question 4

Fatty acids can be (SATURATED/UNSATURATED) meaning all carbons are fully filled, or they can be (SATURATED/UNSATURATED) meaning some carbons have double bonds.

Answer 4

Saturated

Unsaturated

Question 5

Saturated fatty acids have a (HIGH/LOW) melting point and (HIGH/LOW) flexibility.

Answer 5

High

High

Question 6

Unsaturated fatty acids have a (HIGH/LOW) melting point and (HIGH/LOW) flexibility.

Answer 6

Low

Low

Question 7

T/F. In unsaturated fatty acids, C=C bonds can be cis or trans.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T/F. In saturated fatty acids, there are multiple C=C bonds.

Answer 8

False. There are no C=C bonds in saturated fatty acids.

Question 9

Are cis or trans unsaturated fatty acids more bent?

Answer 9

Cis is more bent than trans

Question 10

Saturated fatty acids are ________ shaped.

Answer 10

Linear

Question 11

Animal fats (i.e., butter and lard) are examples of (SATURATED/UNSATURATED) fatty acids.

Answer 11

Saturated

Question 12

Plant oils (i.e., olive oil) and omega fatty acids are an example of (CIS/TRANS) unsaturated fatty acids.

Answer 12

Cis

Question 13

Processed fats are an example of (CIS/TRANS) unsaturated fatty acids.

Answer 13

Trans

Question 14

(LONGER/SHORTER) fatty acids melt at lower temperatures than (LONGER/SHORTER) fatty acids.

Answer 14

Shorter

Longer

Question 15

Fatty acids form spherical ________ (so do soaps).

Answer 15

Micelles

Question 16

Fatty acids are numbered from ________-end (alpha-C) to _______-end (omega-C).

Answer 16

Carboxyl

Methyl

Question 17

These are made up of a glycerol polar head and 3 fatty acid chains for hydrophobic tails.

Answer 17

Triacylglycerols

Question 18

Waxes are similar to triacylglycerols, but have an ________ rather than a glycerol.

Answer 18

Alcohol

Question 19

Archaeal lipid membranes contain _________ fatty acids.

Answer 19

Branched

Question 20

Cell membrane lipids –

Phospholipids contain…
Glycolipids contain…
Cholesterol

Answer 20

Phosphates

Sugars

Question 21

Glycerophospholipids are the majority component of cell membranes. They are composed of…

Answer 21

Alcohol
Phosphate
Glycerol
Fatty acids

Question 22

Common alcohols that are added are –

Amino acids = ________
Sugar-alcohols = _______, _______
Organics = _________, ________

Answer 22

Serine
Inositol, Glycerol
Ethanolamine, Choline

Question 23

Sphingomyelin attaches a fatty acid to an _______. (Sphingosine is the backbone), and has a phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine group (phosphate and alcohol).

Answer 23

Amine

Question 24

Sphingosine and a fatty acid only are called…

Answer 24

Ceramide

Question 25

Glycosphingolipids are composed of...

Answer 25

Sugar Sphingosine Fatty acid ***Also called cerebroside

Question 26

Glycosphingolipids are important for...

Answer 26

ABO blood type antigens | Cell signaling

Question 27

Glycoglycerolipids are composed of...

Answer 27

Sugar Glycerol Fatty acid

Question 28

Glycoglycerolipids are found in _______ and _______, but rarely in animals.

Answer 28

Plants | Bacteria

Question 29

This adds rigidity to cell membranes. It has a very small hydrophilic part and can form plaques (waxy).

Answer 29

Cholesterol

Question 30

When multiple hydrocarbon tails are present, lipids form a _______.

Answer 30

Bilayer

Question 31

The width of a lipid bilayer is _____-_____ Angstroms with the hydrophobic region being ______ Angstroms across.

Answer 31

60-100 | 30

Question 32

The cell membrane is a composite of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, but NOT...

Answer 32

Nucleic acids

Question 33

In the phospholipid bilayer, _________ decorate lipids and proteins, but are only presented on the surface NOT in contact with the cytosol.

Answer 33

Carbohydrates

Question 34

_______ membrane proteins span the entire width of the lipid bilayer.

Answer 34

Integral

Question 35

Membrane proteins have lots of hydrophobic amino acids displayed on their surfaces. Good feature for living in a hydrophobic environment, bad feature if the cytoplasm of the cell is ________.

Answer 35

Aqueous

Question 36

________ membrane proteins span only part of the width of the lipid bilayer.

Answer 36

Peripheral

Question 37

Peripheral membrane proteins have _________ anchors to the membrane.

Answer 37

Hydrophobic

Question 38

Membrane proteins constitue ______ of the proteome.

Answer 38

30 percent

Question 39

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of structures that allow for their ________ natures.

Answer 39

Flexible

Question 40

Lipids are 2-D fluids, allowing only ________ movement of components.

Answer 40

Lateral

Question 41

Lateral diffusion of components is very (RAPID/SLOW), and transverse diffusion (flip-flop) is very (RAPID/SLOW).

Answer 41

Rapid | Slow

Question 42

In bacteria, rigidity of the membrane is determined by...

Answer 42

Fatty acid composition ***Melting temp. determined by unsaturated fatty acids

Question 43

In humans, rigidity of the membrane is determined by...

Answer 43

Cholesterol content

Question 44

Remember, membranes are (ASYMMETRICAL/SYMMETRICAL) in structure.

Answer 44

Asymmetrical