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Tissues of the Body > Lecture 2.1: Epithelial Tissues > Flashcards

Lecture 2.1: Epithelial Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What surfaces have epithelial linings? (3)

A

1) Exterior Surfaces
2) Interior spaces opening to exterior
3) Interior spaces that do not open to the exterior

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2
Q

Exterior epithelial surfaces

A

Skin
Surface of the cornea

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3
Q

Interior spaces opening to exterior with epithelial linings

A

Gastrointestinal Tract
Respiratory Tract
Genitourinary Tract

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4
Q

Interior spaces that do not open to the exterior with epithelial linings

A

Pericardial Sac
Pleural Sacs
Peritoneum
Blood and Lymphatic Vessels

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5
Q

3 Germ Layers of Embryo that epithelia derive from

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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6
Q

Ectoderm: what epithelia derive from it?

A

Epidermis of skin
Corneal epithelium of eye

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7
Q

Mesoderm: what epithelia derive from it?

A

Urogenital Tract
Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Lining
Pericardial and Pleural Sac Lining
Peritoneal Lining

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8
Q

Endoderm: what epithelia derive from it?

A

Respiratory Tract
GI Tract
Liver
Glands (thyroid, thymus, salivary glands)

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9
Q

What are all epithelia anchored too?

A

An underlying basement membrane

This makes the epithelia polarised

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10
Q

What is a basement membrane (BM)?

A

Strong, flexible, sheet-like layer of extracellular matrix (ECM)

It is important in epithelial support and cellular signalling

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11
Q

What is the BM made of?

A

Consists of a basal lamina (type IV collagen), laid down by epithelial cells

Augmented by a layer (variable thickness) of reticular fibrils (type VII collagen), synthesised by the underlying connective tissue

The BM forms a thin, flexible, acellular layer that separates epithelial cells from the subtending connective tissue

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12
Q

Classification of Epithelia

A

SLIDE 10 of Lecture 2.1

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13
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Structure

A

Thin ‘scale-like’ flat cells
Nuclei bulge from cell surface
Single Layer

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14
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Location

A

Lining of blood and lymph vessels
Lining of body cavities
Respiratory epithelium
Bowman’s capsule
Loop of Henle
Inner and middle ear
Intercalated pancreatic ducts

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15
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Function

A

Lubrication
Gas Exchange
Barrier
Passive transport of water and ions
Active transport

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16
Q

Endothelium

A

Is simple squamous epithelium lining vasculature such as arteries, veins, capillaries and lymphatic vessels

Can exchange gases and nutrients, allow certain blood cells to enter tissues and can regulate platelet coagulation

17
Q

Mesothelium

A

Is epithelium lining the body cavities (pleural and abdominal)

18
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Structure

A
19
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Location

A

Thyroid follicles
Small ducts of many exocrine glands
Kidney tubules
Respiratory bronchioles
Mesothelium of ovary

20
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Functions

A

Absorption and conduit (exocrine glands)
Absorption, conduit and secretion (kidney tubules)
Barrier/ covering (ovary)
Hormone synthesis and mobilisation (thyroid)

21
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Structure

A

Single Layer
Tall/ Elongated
Slender

22
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Function

A

Secretes acid, digestive enzymes and mucus
Concentrates bile by absorbing water and electrolytes
Removes sodium ions
Lubrication
Transport
Lining of some larger exocrine ducts

23
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Locations

A

Stomach lining and gastric glands
Small intestine and colon
Gallbladder
Large ducts of some exocrine glands
Oviducts
Uterus
Ductuli efferentes of testis

24
Q

How is surface area of small intestine increased?

A

Plicae circulares
Villi
Microvilli

25
Q

What are cillia?

A

They are ‘hair like’ organelles
Can be motile or non-motile
They are longer and wider than microvilli
Transient actions between dynein and microtubules allow ciliary movement

26
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Location

A

Nasal cavity
Bronchi, trachea
Epididymis (extending into ductus vas deferens)
Large excretory ducts (salivary glands)
Auditory tube and tympanic cavity
Lacrimal sac
Male urethra

27
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Structure

A

Appears to be stratified but instead consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and differently sized columnar cells.

Nuclei of neighbouring cells appear at different levels rather than clustered in the basal end.

28
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Function

A

Secretion and conduit
Absorption
Particle trapping and removal

29
Q

Stereocilia

A

They are giant microvilli
Long
Immotile
Supported by actin
They increase SA for absorption/phagocytosis and secretion

30
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (non-keratinised): Locations

A

Oral Cavity
Oesophagus
Larynx
Vagina
Part of anal canal
Surface of cornea
Parts of the inner surface of eyelid
Distal urethra

31
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (non-keratinised): Functions

A

Protection from abrasion
Reduces water loss (but is moist itself)
Secretion (vagina)

32
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (non-keratinised & keratinised): Structure

A

Flattened epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane

Only one layer is in contact with the basement membrane; the other layers adhere to one another to maintain structural integrity.

33
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (keratinised): Functions

A

Protection against abrasion and physical trauma
Prevention of water loss
Prevention of microbe ingress
Shield against UV damage

34
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (keratinised): Location

A

Skin
Epidermis of palm of hand (thin skin)
Epidermis of sole of foot (thick skin)
Masticatory Mucosa

35
Q

Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium): Location

A

Renal Calyces
Ureters
Bladder
Proximal Urethra

36
Q

Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium): Structure

A

Organisation changes from small basal to intermediate layers of columnar cells, with a superficial layer of bulbous umbrella cells (arrowed)

The epithelium is distensible

37
Q

Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium): Function

A

Distensibility (stretching by internal pressure-e.g. for urine)
Protection of underlying tissue (from cytotoxic effects of urine)

38
Q

Renewal of epithelia

A

There continue to proliferate through life to Maintain protective layers

Cell renewal rates of epithelia tend to be higher than other (permanent) tissues

Cell division in basal layer to it being sloughed off is c. 28 days

Enterocytes (intestinal lining) replaced c. 3.48 days (+ SD 1.55)

Respiratory epithelium takes longer to regenerate

Tissues of the Body (18 decks)

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