Lecture 21 and 22 Flashcards
Where is the stomach located?
At the base of the esophagus
Where does esophagus pass through
The diaphragm
What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?
Prevents reflux
What are the 4 main parts of the stomach
- Cardia
- Fundus
- Body
- Pylorus
What is the lesser omentum?
From the stomach to the liver
What is the greater omentum?
From the stomach to the transverse colon
What are rugae?
Temporary folds that allow for the expansion of the stomach. Important for storage function
What do parietal cells secrete?
Acid and intrinisc factor
What do G cells secrete?
Hormones (gastrin)
What do chief cells secrete?
pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of pepsin)
Where are chief cells located?
In rough endoplasmic reticulum . They contain enzymes called apical zymogen granules.
Where are parietal cells located?
They are abundant in the mitochondria and central nucleus.
The bile duct meets the pancreatic duct at the entrance to the _____________ _____
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
The duodenal papilla projects into the ______ _____
Duodenal lumen
Pancreatic islet alpha cells secrete…
Glucagon
Pancreatic islet beta cells secrete
Insulin
What do pancreatic acinar cells secrete?
Enzymes
What is the total length of the small intestine?
6-7m
The initial segment of the duodenum is…
Retroperitoneal
The small intestine is held in place by….
Mesentery
Mesentery contains…
- Arteries
- Veins
- Nerves
- Lymphatics
Villi is found on the surface of the ________ _______
Plicae circulares
Muscularis mucosae allows villi to
- Start peristalsis of food
- Segmentation of food
- Move back and forth
- Move side to side
C.
In the core of each villie, it is made up of
FCT (lamina propia)
Enterocytes are ________ cells
Absorptive
Deoxygenated blood enters the mesenteric veins which drain into the _____
Hepatic portal vein
Goblet cells secret ______ for protection
Mucus
Panth cells are _____ or _____ enzymes
Granules, antibacterial
Endocrine cells secrete _______
Hormones
Which of the following are permanent folds of the small intestine with a core of submucosa? A. Villi B. Plicae Circulares C. Microvilli D. Glycocalyx E. Intestinal crypts
B
The gastrointestinal system is specialised for….?
Secretion, absorption, digestion, motility
Goblet cells A. Are unicellular glands B. Are columnar cell C. Have a basal nucleus D. All of the above
D.
What are the four layers of the gut tube from in to out?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia
Which of the following is TRUE about the mucosa? A. It is the second most inner layer B. It is a unicellular gland. C. It contains the lamina propria D. Both A and C
C
Compound secretory glands contain A. Acinar ells secreting bicarbonate B. Clusters of cells called acinus C. Duct cells secreting amylase D. All of the above.
B
The greater omentum
A. connects the stomach to the transverse colon
B. Connects the stomach to the liver
C. Connects the stomach to the body wall
D. Connects the pyloric antrum to the cardia.
A
Which structure allows for controlled release of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine A. Cardia B. Pyloric antrum C. Fundus D. Pyloric sphincter
D
Which of the following are motility patterns of GI smooth muscle generated by the ENS? A. Peristalsis B. Segmentation C. Absorption D. Both A and B
D
Regulation of the salt and water content of faeces largely take place in A. The stomach B. The duodenum C. The small intestine D. The large intestine
D
Which of the following is trye for vitamin B12?
A. It is only absorbed in the proximal ileum
B. It is only absorbed in the distal ileum
C. It is a fat-soluble vitamin. an
B
