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BIOL 327 > Lecture 2 - The Insect Head and Mouthparts > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - The Insect Head and Mouthparts Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Components of an Insect (3)

A

Head

Thorax

Abdomen

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2
Q

Head

A

Consisting of the brain, mouthparts that is used for ingesting food, major sensory organs (antenna / compound eyes)

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3
Q

Thorax

A

Consisting of legs and wings

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4
Q

Abdomen

A

Consisting of the major organs

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5
Q

Compound eyes

(2)

A

These are located on the head of the insect used to detect motion

Adjacent to the compound eyes are 3 ocelli used to detect vision / light perception

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6
Q

Antenna

A

These are located on the head of the insect used to detect food and pheromones released by the females

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7
Q

If the maxillary palps and labium palps are absent therefore

A

this would destroy the insect ability to taste food

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8
Q

Segmentation of the thorax (leg)

(3) + Description

A

The thorax is divided into 3 components

a. Anterior thorax (Prothorax)

b. Middle Thorax (Mesothorax)

c. Posterior Thorax (Metathorax)

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9
Q

Where are the legs attached to on the insect?

A

The 3 pairs of legs are attached to the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax

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10
Q

Segmentation of the thorax (Wings)

(2) + Description

A

There are two pairs of wings known as the forewings and the hind wings

a. The forewings are attached to the mesothorax

b. Hindwings are attached to the metathorax

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11
Q

Insect Exoskeleton

(2)

A

The insect exoskeleton is known as the sclerites (these are divided into plates that are chemically harden to form the integument through a process known as sclerotization)

The sclerites would molt to shed its cuticle

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12
Q

The function of the exoskeleton (sclerites)

(2)

A

Serves as a barrier for water (to prevent the insect from desiccating - drying out)

Serves as a component for muscle attachment as it consists of sensory component for the environment

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13
Q

Structure of the Exoskeleton (Sclerites)

(3)

A

a. Suture

b. Sulcus

c. Apodeme

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14
Q

Suture

A

These are lines or grooves that forms the union of the two scleritis

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15
Q

Sulcus

A

The line that arises from the invagination of the cuticle

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16
Q

Apodeme

A

Provides muscle attachment site for the internal organs

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17
Q

Segmentation

(2)

A
  • Segmentation in insects are visible everywhere on the insect body EXCEPT the head
  • There is no segmentation on the head of the insect b/c the segment of the head has become fused as a continuous component creating a head capsule
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18
Q

6 segments on the head including their appendages

A

Labral - Labrum

Antennal - Antenna

Postantennal (intercalary)

Mandibular - Mandibles

Maxillary - Maxilla

Labial (bears a labium)

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19
Q

Jaws of the insect

(2)

A

The mandible acts as the first pair of jaw

Maxillary acts as the second pair of jaw that helps hold the food

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20
Q

Major region of the insect

(5) + Description

A

Frons - Front (Face)

Clypeus - a plate located beneath of the frons

Vertex - (Top of the head)

Occiput - (back of the head)

Gena - Side of the head below the compound eye (“cheek”)

21
Q

Types of Mouthparts (5)

A

a. Labrum

b. Mandibles

c. Hypopharynx

d. Maxilla

e. Labium

22
Q

Labrum

A

(Upper lip), this is a flap that is hanging over the mouth part to cover it

23
Q

Mandibles

A

(Teeth), that moves from side to side, used for chewing and cutting the food

24
Q

Hypopharynx

A

Tongue

25
Q

Maxilla

A

Guide food, acts as sensory palp

26
Q

Labium

A

Lower lip that acts a sensory palp

27
Q

Mouthparts: Chewing

A

(Eg. Orthoptera/ Dictyoptera / Coleoptera )

28
Q

Piercing and Sucking

A

(Eg. Hemiptera and Diptera)

29
Q

Sponging

A

Diptera

30
Q

Rasping and Sucking

A

(Thysanoptera - Thrips

31
Q

Mouthparts of House Fly (3)

A

Sponging mouth parts

Consisting of labium which is arranged in a proboscis (tube) used to suck up the liquid food

The mandibles are absent and the maxillae are unjointed

32
Q

Mouthpart of the Mosquito

(2)

A

Piercing and Sucking

They consists of 6 mouthparts that make up 6 stylets

33
Q

6 mouthparts that make up 6 stylets

A

1 Labrum

2 mandibles

2 maxillae (Note: The mandibles and maxillae are long, needle shaped that pierces the skin)

1 hypopharynx

34
Q

What happens to the 6 stylets that are not used in the mosquitoes?

A

When the 6 stylets are not used the labium forms a sheath that encloses them

35
Q

The salvia of the mosquito consists of

(3)

A

Anesthetic
Anticoagulant
Vasodilato

36
Q

Mouthpart of the Horsefly

A

Piercing and Sucking

37
Q

Components of Piercing and Sucking in Horsefly

(3) + Description

A

2 mandibles (curved, sword like, that slashes the skin)

2 maxillae (sharp, pointed that drills the skin)

Labium (sponges the blood)

38
Q

Mouthpart of Hemiptera

A

Piercing and Sucking

39
Q

Component of Piercing and Sucking in Hemiptera

(3) + Description

A

2 mandibles

2 maxillae (Note: the mandibles and maxillae are sharp and pointed that forms the proboscis)

Labium forms a sheath

40
Q

Mouthpart of Butterflies and Moth

A

Siphoning

41
Q

Component of Siphoning in Butterflies and Moth

(4) + Description

A

Maxillae (forms the proboscis which is a sucking tube)

The mandibles and hypopharynx is absent

The labium is reduced

The maxillary palps and labial palps are reduced

42
Q

Mouthparts of Bees and Wasp

A

Chewing and Lapping

43
Q

Component of Chewing and Lapping in Bees and Wasp

(3)

A

Maxillae and labium forms the proboscis where the saliva is discharged and nectar is drawn up

The mandibles is present to clean the cells, move stuff, defense, mold wax, NOT used for feeding

However the mandible is used for chewing in wasps

44
Q

In some immature (larval) insects, the only part of the body that is sclerotized is the head capsule. Why?

A

B/c insects need to chew the food, if the food is not hardens that mean that head will collapse

45
Q

Orientation of the Mouthparts

(3)

A

a. Hypognathous (downward)

b. Prognathous (forward)

c. Opisthognathous (rearward / backward)

46
Q

Hypognathous (downward)

A

Eg: Orthoptera

47
Q

Prognathous (forward)

A

Eg. Coleoptera

48
Q

Opisthognathous (rearward)

A

Eg. Hemiptera

BIOL 327 (13 decks)

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